Choi, Euijoon Park, Doohyun Son, Geonhui Bak, Seongwon Eo, Taejoon Youn, Daemyung Hwang, Dosik 2024-01-19T08:04:25Z 2024-01-19T08:04:25Z 2023-12-21 2024-06 0938-7994 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/113098 Objective This study aims to develop a weakly supervised deep learning (DL) model for vertebral-level vertebral compression fracture (VCF) classification using image-level labelled data.Methods The training set included 815 patients with normal (n = 507, 62%) or VCFs (n = 308, 38%). Our proposed model was trained on image-level labelled data for vertebral-level classification. Another supervised DL model was trained with vertebral-level labelled data to compare the performance of the proposed model.Results The test set included 227 patients with normal (n = 117, 52%) or VCFs (n = 110, 48%). For a fair comparison of the two models, we compared sensitivities with the same specificities of the proposed model and the vertebral-level supervised model. The specificity for overall L1-L5 performance was 0.981. The proposed model may outperform the vertebral-level supervised model with sensitivities of 0.770 vs 0.705 (p = 0.080), respectively. For vertebral-level analysis, the specificities for each L1-L5 were 0.974, 0.973, 0.970, 0.991, and 0.995, respectively. The proposed model yielded the same or better sensitivity than the vertebral-level supervised model in L1 (0.750 vs 0.694, p = 0.480), L3 (0.793 vs 0.586, p < 0.05), L4 (0.833 vs 0.667, p = 0.480), and L5 (0.600 vs 0.600, p = 1.000), respectively. The proposed model showed lower sensitivity than the vertebral-level supervised model for L2, but there was no significant difference (0.775 vs 0.825, p = 0.617).Conclusions The proposed model may have a comparable or better performance than the supervised model in vertebral-level VCF classification. English Springer Verlag Weakly supervised deep learning for diagnosis of multiple vertebral compression fractures in CT Article 10.1007/s00330-023-10394-9 1 European Radiology, v.34, no.06, pp.3750 - 3760 European Radiology 34 06 3750 3760 N scie scopus 001105133000005 2-s2.0-85176780274 Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging Article MANAGEMENT NETWORKS RISK Deep learning Classification Fractures (Compression) Spine