Lee, Jong Won Shim, Man Kyu Kim, Hyosuk Jang, Hochung Lee, Yuhan Kim, Sun Hwa 2024-01-19T08:31:42Z 2024-01-19T08:31:42Z 2023-11-01 2023-10 0169-409X https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/113192 The era of RNA medicine has become a reality with the success of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID-19 and the approval of several RNA interference (RNAi) agents in recent years. Particularly, therapeutics based on RNAi offer the promise of targeting intractable and previously undruggable disease genes. Recent advances have focused in developing delivery systems to enhance the poor cellular uptake and insufficient pharmacokinetic properties of RNAi therapeutics and thereby improve its efficacy and safety. However, such approach has been mainly achieved via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) or chemical conjugation with N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), thus current RNAi therapy has been limited to liver diseases, most likely to encounter liver-targeting limitations. Hence, there is a huge unmet medical need for intense evolution of RNAi therapeutics delivery systems to target extrahepatic tissues and ultimately extend their indications for treating various intractable diseases. In this review, challenges of delivering RNAi therapeutics to tumors and major organs are discussed, as well as their transition to clinical trials. This review also highlights innovative and promising preclinical RNAi-based delivery platforms for the treatment of extrahepatic diseases. English Elsevier BV RNAi therapies: Expanding applications for extrahepatic diseases and overcoming delivery challenges Article 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115073 1 Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, v.201 Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 201 Y scie scopus 001082258900001 2-s2.0-85170249382 Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pharmacology & Pharmacy Review SPHERICAL NUCLEIC-ACIDS TARGETED MICROBUBBLE DESTRUCTION EXOSOME-MEDIATED DELIVERY RABIES VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN PULMONARY SIRNA DELIVERY SMALL INTERFERING RNA A-COUPLED LIPOSOMES DRUG-DELIVERY TNF-ALPHA SYSTEMIC DELIVERY Gene delivery RNA interference Delivery systems Organ-specific targeting Clinical translation