Prabhu, Subbaiah Muthu Yusuf, Mohammed Ahn, Yongtae Park, Ho Bum Choi, Jaeyoung Amin, Mohammed A. Yadav, Krishna Kumar Jeon, Byong-Hun 2024-01-19T09:33:21Z 2024-01-19T09:33:21Z 2023-04-13 2023-05 0045-6535 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/113772 Fluoride, a naturally occurring chemical element, is largely insoluble in soils. More than 90% of the fluoride in soil is bound to soil particles and is unable to be dissolved. As part of the soil, fluoride is predominantly located in the colloid or clay fraction of the soil, and the movement of fluoride is strongly affected by the sorption capacity of the soil, which is affected by pH, the type of soil sorbent present, and the salinity. The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment soil quality guideline for fluoride in soils under a residential/parkland land use scenario is 400 mg/kg. In this review, we focus on fluoride contamination in soil and subsurface environments, and the various sources of fluorides are discussed in detail. The average fluoride concentration in soil in different countries and their regulations for soil and water are comprehensively reviewed. In this article, the latest advances in defluoridation methods are highlighted and the importance of further research addressing efficient and cost-effective methods to remediate fluoride contamination in soil is critically discussed. Methods used to mitigate fluoride risks by removing fluoride from the soil are presented. We strongly recommend that regulators English Pergamon Press Ltd. Fluoride occurrence in environment, regulations, and remediation methods for soil: A comprehensive review Article 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138334 1 Chemosphere, v.324 Chemosphere 324 N scie scopus 000954983700001 2-s2.0-85149916886 Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Review ELECTROKINETIC REMEDIATION DRINKING-WATER GROUNDWATER EXPOSURE AQUIFER GEOCHEMISTRY FLUOROSIS PLANT RICH DEFLUORIDATION Fluoride in soil Fluoride remediation Occurrence and regulations Mitigation