Kim, Hoseong Hyun, Jong Chan Kim, Do-Hoon Kwak, Jin Hwan Lee, Jin Bae Moon, Joon Ha Choi, Jaewon Lim, Hee-Dae Yang, Seung Jae Jin, Hyeong Min Ahn, Dong June Kang, Kisuk Jin, Hyoung-Joon Lim, Hyung-Kyu Yun, Young Soo 2024-01-19T10:02:23Z 2024-01-19T10:02:23Z 2023-03-02 2023-03 0935-9648 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/113958 The galvanostatic lithiation/sodiation voltage profiles of hard carbon anodes are simple, with a sloping drop followed by a plateau. However, a precise understanding of the corresponding redox sites and storage mechanisms is still elusive, which hinders further development in commercial applications. Here, a comprehensive comparison of the lithium- and sodium-ion storage behaviors of hard carbon is conducted, yielding the following key findings: 1) the sloping voltage section is presented by the lithium-ion intercalation in the graphitic lattices of hard carbons, whereas it mainly arises from the chemisorption of sodium ions on their inner surfaces constituting closed pores, even if the graphitic lattices are unoccupied; 2) the redox sites for the plateau capacities are the same as those for the closed pores regardless of the alkali ions; 3) the sodiation plateau capacities are mostly determined by the volume of the available closed pore, whereas the lithiation plateau capacities are primarily affected by the intercalation propensity; and 4) the intercalation preference and the plateau capacity have an inverse correlation. These findings from extensive characterizations and theoretical investigations provide a relatively clear elucidation of the electrochemical footprint of hard carbon anodes in relation to the redox mechanisms and storage sites for lithium and sodium ions, thereby providing a more rational design strategy for constructing better hard carbon anodes. English WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Revisiting Lithium- and Sodium-Ion Storage in Hard Carbon Anodes Article 10.1002/adma.202209128 1 Advanced Materials, v.35, no.12 Advanced Materials 35 12 N scie scopus 000932752500001 2-s2.0-85148000412 Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Chemistry, Physical Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Physics, Applied Physics, Condensed Matter Chemistry Science & Technology - Other Topics Materials Science Physics Article; Early Access INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS INSERTION GRAPHITE CARBONIZATION alkali-ion storage mechanism hard carbon anode intercalation propensity lithium-ion batteries pore-filling mechanism sodium-ion batteries