Lee, Inkyu Choi, Yoonjeong Shin, Dong-U Kwon, Minjeong Kim, Seohyun Jung, Hanul Nam, Gi-Hoon Kwon, Minsu 2024-01-19T10:03:41Z 2024-01-19T10:03:41Z 2023-03-23 2023-02 1999-4923 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/114010 Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that are naturally released from cells in a lipid bilayer-bound form. A subset population with a size of 200 nm, small EVs (sEVs), is enticing in many ways. Initially perceived as mere waste receptacles, sEVs have revealed other biological functions, such as cell-to-cell signal transduction and communication. Besides their notable biological functions, sEVs have profound advantages as future drug modalities: (i) excellent biocompatibility, (ii) high stability, and (iii) the potential to carry undruggable macromolecules as cargo. Indeed, many biopharmaceutical companies are utilizing sEVs, not only as diagnostic biomarkers but as therapeutic drugs. However, as all inchoate fields are challenging, there are limitations and hindrances in the clinical translation of sEV therapeutics. In this review, we summarize different types of sEV therapeutics, future improvements, and current strategies in large-scale production. English Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) Small Extracellular Vesicles as a New Class of Medicines Article 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020325 1 Pharmaceutics, v.15, no.2 Pharmaceutics 15 2 Y scie scopus 000941659100001 2-s2.0-85149145176 Pharmacology & Pharmacy Pharmacology & Pharmacy Review ENGINEERING EXOSOMES ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY CELLS DELIVERY PACLITAXEL ENDOCYTOSIS ACTIVATION PROMOTE VACCINE LIGHT small extracellular vesicle exosome naive small extracellular vesicle engineered small extracellular vesicle a new class of medicine