Roh, Hyung-Jin Park, Jaeho Lee, Sun-Hee Kim, Do-Hyang Lee, Gwang-Chul Jeon, Hojeong Chae, Minseong Lee, Kang-Sik Sun, Jeong-Yun Lee, Dong-Ho Han, Hyung-Seop Kim, Yu-Chan 2024-01-19T11:04:16Z 2024-01-19T11:04:16Z 2022-09-15 2022-09 1226-4601 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/114597 Background Although several studies on the Mg-Zn-Ca system have focused on alloy compositions that are restricted to solid solutions, the influence of the solid solution component of Ca on Mg-Zn alloys is unknown. Therefore, to broaden its utility in orthopedic applications, studies on the influence of the addition of Ca on the microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties of Mg-Zn alloys should be conducted. In this study, an in-depth investigation of the effect of Ca on the mechanical and bio-corrosion characteristics of the Mg-Zn alloy was performed for the optimization of a clinically approved Mg alloy system comprising Ca and Zn. Methods The Mg alloy was fabricated by gravitational melting of high purity Mg, Ca, and Zn metal grains under an Ar gas environment. The surface and cross-section were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to analyze their crystallographic structures. Electrochemical and immersion tests in Hank's balanced salt solution were used to analyze their corrosion resistance. Tensile testing was performed with universal testing equipment to investigate the impact of Ca addition. The examination of cytotoxicity for biometric determination was in line with the ISO10993 standard. Results In this study, the 0.1% Ca alloy had significantly retarded grain growth due to the formation of the tiny and well-dispersed Ca2Mg6Zn3 phase. In addition, the yield strength and elongation of the 0.1% Ca alloy were more than 50% greater than the 2% Zn alloy. The limited cell viability of the 0.3% Ca alloy could be attributed to its high corrosion rate, whereas the 0.1% Ca alloy demonstrated cell viability of greater than 80% during the entire experimental period. Conclusion The effect of the addition of Ca on the microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion characteristics of Mg-Zn alloys was analyzed in this work. The findings imply that the Mg-Zn alloy system could be optimized by adding a small amount of Ca, improving mechanical properties while maintaining corrosion rate, thus opening the door to a wide range of applications in orthopedic surgery. English The Korean Society for Biomaterials | BioMed Central Optimization of the clinically approved Mg-Zn alloy system through the addition of Ca Article 10.1186/s40824-022-00283-5 1 Biomaterials Research, v.26, no.1, pp.664 - 676 Biomaterials Research 26 1 664 676 Y scie scopus kci ART002877625 000850060300001 Engineering, Biomedical Materials Science, Biomaterials Engineering Materials Science Article BIO-CORROSION PROPERTIES MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE RESISTANCE BEHAVIOR BIODEGRADATION CYTOTOXICITY DEGRADATION Biodegradable metal Micro-galvanic corrosion Mechanical properties Corrosion resistance In vitro Orthopedic implant Mg alloy