Chang, Eunhee Kim, Hyun Taek Yoo, Byounghyun 2024-01-19T11:31:02Z 2024-01-19T11:31:02Z 2022-04-05 2022-09 1359-4338 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/114768 Many studies have consistently proven that repeatedly watching virtual reality (VR) content can reduce cybersickness. Moreover, the discomfort level decreases when the VR content includes an unusual orientation, such as an inverted scene. However, few studies have investigated the physiological changes during these experiences. The present study aimed to identify psychophysiological correlates, especially the neural processing, of cybersickness. Twenty participants experienced two types of VR orientation (upright and inverted), which were repeated three times. During the experience, we recorded the participants' subjective levels of discomfort, brain waves, cardiac signals, and eye trajectories. We performed a heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP) analysis to elucidate the cortical activity of heartbeats while experiencing cybersickness. The results showed that the severity of cybersickness decreased as the participants repeatedly watched the VR content. The participants also reported less nausea when watching the inverted orientation. We only found a significant suppression at the fronto-central HEP amplitudes in the upright orientation for the physiological changes. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of bodily responses to varying degrees of cybersickness. In addition, the HEP results suggest that this approach might reflect the neural correlates of transient changes in heartbeats caused by cybersickness. English Springer London Identifying physiological correlates of cybersickness using heartbeat-evoked potential analysis Article 10.1007/s10055-021-00622-2 1 Virtual Reality, v.26, no.3, pp.1193 - 1205 Virtual Reality 26 3 1193 1205 Y scie scopus 000746301600001 2-s2.0-85123504594 Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications Computer Science, Software Engineering Imaging Science & Photographic Technology Computer Science Imaging Science & Photographic Technology Article VISUALLY INDUCED MOTION BRAIN RESPONSES SICKNESS HABITUATION COMPONENTS IMMERSION DYNAMICS EEG Cybersickness Heartbeat-evoked potential Physiological responses Virtual reality