Kim, Sein Roh, Hyeonhee Im, Maesoon 2024-01-19T12:00:31Z 2024-01-19T12:00:31Z 2022-07-08 2022-06 1662-5102 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/115110 Numerous retinal prosthetic systems have demonstrated somewhat useful vision can be restored to individuals who had lost their sight due to outer retinal degenerative diseases. Earlier prosthetic studies have mostly focused on the confinement of electrical stimulation for improved spatial resolution and/or the biased stimulation of specific retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types for selective activation of retinal ON/OFF pathway for enhanced visual percepts. To better replicate normal vision, it would be also crucial to consider information transmission by spiking activities arising in the RGC population since an incredible amount of visual information is transferred from the eye to the brain. In previous studies, however, it has not been well explored how much artificial visual information is created in response to electrical stimuli delivered by microelectrodes. In the present work, we discuss the importance of the neural information for high-quality artificial vision. First, we summarize the previous literatures which have computed information transmission rates from spiking activities of RGCs in response to visual stimuli. Second, we exemplify a couple of studies which computed the neural information from electrically evoked responses. Third, we briefly introduce how information rates can be computed in the representative two ways - direct method and reconstruction method. Fourth, we introduce in silico approaches modeling artificial retinal neural networks to explore the relationship between amount of information and the spiking patterns. Lastly, we conclude our review with clinical implications to emphasize the necessity of considering visual information transmission for further improvement of retinal prosthetics. English Frontiers Media S.A. Artificial Visual Information Produced by Retinal Prostheses Article 10.3389/fncel.2022.911754 1 Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, v.16 Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 16 Y scie scopus 000813000400001 Neurosciences Neurosciences & Neurology Review CELL RECEPTIVE-FIELDS GANGLION-CELLS ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION BIPOLAR CELLS SPIKE TRAINS BLIND RESPONSES TRANSMISSION DIVERSITY LIGHT visual information neural computation information theory spike trains retinal prosthetics