Kim, Seong A. Kim, Seohyun Kim, Gi Beom Goo, Jiyoung Kim, Nayeon Lee, Yeram Nam, Gi-Hoon Lim, Seungho Kim, Taeerk Chang, Ki Hwan Lee, Tae Gyu Kim, In-San Lee, Eun Jung 2024-01-19T12:01:00Z 2024-01-19T12:01:00Z 2022-06-23 2022-06 1661-6596 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/115136 The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created a global public crisis and heavily affected personal lives, healthcare systems, and global economies. Virus variants are continuously emerging, and, thus, the pandemic has been ongoing for over two years. Vaccines were rapidly developed based on the original SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) to build immunity against the coronavirus disease. However, they had a very low effect on the virus' variants due to their low cross-reactivity. In this study, a multivalent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was developed using ferritin nanocages, which display the spike protein from the Wuhan-Hu-1, B.1.351, or B.1.429 SARS-CoV-2 on their surfaces. We show that the mixture of three SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein-displaying nanocages elicits CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and B-cell immunity successfully in vivo. Furthermore, they generate a more consistent antibody response against the B.1.351 and B.1.429 variants than a monovalent vaccine. This leads us to believe that the proposed ferritin-nanocage-based multivalent vaccine platform will provide strong protection against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). English Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) A Multivalent Vaccine Based on Ferritin Nanocage Elicits Potent Protective Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Mutations Article 10.3390/ijms23116123 1 International Journal of Molecular Sciences, v.23, no.11 International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23 11 Y scie scopus 000808695500001 Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Chemistry Article SPIKE NANOPARTICLES INFECTIVITY DESIGN protein nanocage ferritin COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 variants multivalent vaccine