Fu, Hao Liu, Guicheng Xiong, Lingyun Wang, Manxiang Lee, Jeongwoo Ren, Ren Yang, Woochul Lee, Joong Kee 2024-01-19T13:30:14Z 2024-01-19T13:30:14Z 2021-10-21 2021-12 1616-301X https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/116103 A shape-variable aqueous secondary battery operating at low temperature is developed using Ga68In22Sn10 (wt%) as a liquid metal anode and a conductive polymer (polyaniline (PANI)) cathode. In the GaInSn alloy anode, Ga is the active component, while Sn and In increase the acid resistance and decrease the eutectic point to -19 degrees C. This enables the use of strongly acidic aqueous electrolytes (here, pH 0.9), thereby improving the activity and stability of the PANI cathode. Consequently, the battery exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and mechanical stability. The GaInSn-PANI battery operates via a hybrid mechanism of Ga3+ stripping/plating and Cl- insertion/extraction and delivers a high reversible capacity of over 223.9 mAh g(-1) and an 80.3% retention rate at 0.2 A g(-1) after 500 cycles, as well as outstanding power and energy densities of 4300 mW g(-1) and 98.7 mWh g(-1), respectively. Because of the liquid anode, the battery without packaging can be deformed with a small force of several millinewtons without any capacity loss. Moreover, at approximately -5 degrees C, the battery delivers a capacity of 67.8 mAh g(-1) at 0.2 A g(-1) with 100% elasticity. Thus, the battery is promising as a deformable energy device at low temperatures and in demanding environments. English WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES HIGH-VOLTAGE SURFACE MODIFICATION AIR BATTERY CARBON ELECTRODE FIBERS ANODE SUPERCAPACITOR A Shape-Variable, Low-Temperature Liquid Metal-Conductive Polymer Aqueous Secondary Battery Article 10.1002/adfm.202107062 1 ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, v.31, no.50 ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 31 50 scie scopus 000695171100001 2-s2.0-85114738168 Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Chemistry, Physical Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Physics, Applied Physics, Condensed Matter Chemistry Science & Technology - Other Topics Materials Science Physics Article LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES HIGH-VOLTAGE SURFACE MODIFICATION AIR BATTERY CARBON ELECTRODE FIBERS ANODE SUPERCAPACITOR aqueous secondary batteries deformability GaInSn alloys liquid metals low-temperature batteries