Chakkarapani, Suresh Kumar Shin, Tae Hwan Lee, Seungah Park, Kyung-Soo Lee, Gwang Kang, Seong Ho 2024-01-19T13:32:00Z 2024-01-19T13:32:00Z 2022-01-10 2021-11 1477-3155 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/116212 Background: Nanoparticles have been used for biomedical applications, including drug delivery, diagnosis, and imaging based on their unique properties derived from small size and large surface-to-volume ratio. However, concerns regarding unexpected toxicity due to the localization of nanoparticles in the cells are growing. Herein, we quantified the number of cell-internalized nanoparticles and monitored their cellular localization, which are critical factors for biomedical applications of nanoparticles. Methods: This study investigates the intracellular trafficking of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles containing rhodamine B isothiocyanate dye [MNPs@SiO2(RITC)] in various live single cells, such as HEK293, NIH3T3, and RAW 264.7 cells, using site-specific direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). The time-dependent subdiffraction-limit spatial resolution of the dSTORM method allowed intracellular site-specific quantification and tracking of MNPs@SiO2(RITC). Results: The MNPs@SiO2(RITC) were observed to be highly internalized in RAW 264.7 cells, compared to the HEK293 and NIH3T3 cells undergoing single-particle analysis. In addition, MNPs@SiO2(RITC) were internalized within the nuclei of RAW 264.7 and HEK293 cells but were not detected in the nuclei of NIH3T3 cells. Moreover, because of the treatment of the MNPs@SiO2(RITC), more micronuclei were detected in RAW 264.7 cells than in other cells. Conclusion: The sensitive and quantitative evaluations of MNPs@SiO2(RITC) at specific sites in three different cells using a combination of dSTORM, transcriptomics, and molecular biology were performed. These findings highlight the quantitative differences in the uptake efficiency of MNPs@SiO2(RITC) and ultra-sensitivity, varying according to the cell types as ascertained by subdiffraction-limit super-resolution microscopy. English BioMed Central Quantifying intracellular trafficking of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles in live single cells by site-specific direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy Article 10.1186/s12951-021-01147-1 1 Journal of Nanobiotechnology, v.19, no.1 Journal of Nanobiotechnology 19 1 Y scie scopus 000723669200002 2-s2.0-85120162045 Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology Science & Technology - Other Topics Article SUPERRESOLUTION MICROSCOPY CELLULAR UPTAKE LOCALIZATION FLUORESCENCE DRUG PHAGOCYTOSIS MACROPHAGES ORIENTATION DYNAMICS DELIVERY Magnetic nanoparticle Super-resolution microscopy Single-particle tracking Microarray Live cell analysis