Kim, S. Lee, Y.J. Park, J.D. Kang, G. Park, M. 2024-01-19T14:00:16Z 2024-01-19T14:00:16Z 2021-10-21 2021-09-27 2574-0962 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/116457 Additive engineering of perovskite solar absorbers has been considered an efficient protocol for fabricating highly efficient and stable solar cells. Organic additives such as polymers and small molecules efficiently passivate defect sites and thereby reduce charge trapping and recombination, which significantly improves the performance and environmental stability of perovskite devices. However, stiff polymer chains or hard organic crystals with a high transition temperature can generate pin holes via rapid phase separation from perovskite. Using liquid-phase additives during the crystallization of perovskite can assist in obtaining desirable film morphologies and passivating defect sites. Ethyl carbamate (EC) was employed in this study as a soft small-molecule additive with a low melting point (∼50 °C). Highly mobile EC molecules detach from the perovskite matrix and diffuse to the grain boundaries to reduce the boundary energy. The resulting films were composed of large grains and selectively passivated grain boundaries. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of fabricated solar cells improved from 19.51 to 22.25% upon the incorporation of the additive. Moreover, the device exhibited an excellent PCE retention of 93.5% of the initial value for 1200 h at a relative humidity of 20%. ？ 2021 American Chemical Society. English American Chemical Society Additives Cell engineering Charge trapping Conversion efficiency Grain boundaries Molecules Organic polymers Passivation Perovskite Phase separation Solar cells Boundary energies Efficient protocols Environmental stability Ethyl carbamate Film morphology Low melting point Organic additives Power conversion efficiencies Solar absorbers Selective Passivation of Grain Boundaries via Incorporation of a Fluidic Small Molecule in Perovskite Solar Absorbers Article 10.1021/acsaem.1c01988 1 ACS Applied Energy Materials, v.4, no.9, pp.10059 - 10068 ACS Applied Energy Materials 4 9 10059 10068 scie scopus 000703338600140 2-s2.0-85114702361 Chemistry, Physical Energy & Fuels Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Chemistry Energy & Fuels Materials Science Article Additives Cell engineering Charge trapping Conversion efficiency Grain boundaries Molecules Organic polymers Passivation Perovskite Phase separation Solar cells Boundary energies Efficient protocols Environmental stability Ethyl carbamate Film morphology Low melting point Organic additives Power conversion efficiencies Solar absorbers additive ethyl carbamate grain boundary passivation perovskite solar cell