Jang Soo, Yook Kim, Jihyun Kim, Jinhyun 2024-01-19T14:32:23Z 2024-01-19T14:32:23Z 2021-10-21 2021-06 1662-5137 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/116914 Understanding the complex neural circuits that underpin brain function and behavior has been a long-standing goal of neuroscience. Yet this is no small feat considering the interconnectedness of neurons and other cell types, both within and across brain regions. In this review, we describe recent advances in mouse molecular genetic engineering that can be used to integrate information on brain activity and structure at regional, cellular, and subcellular levels. The convergence of structural inputs can be mapped throughout the brain in a cell type-specific manner by antero- and retrograde viral systems expressing various fluorescent proteins and genetic switches. Furthermore, neural activity can be manipulated using opto- and chemo-genetic tools to interrogate the functional significance of this input convergence. Monitoring neuronal activity is obtained with precise spatiotemporal resolution using genetically encoded sensors for calcium changes and specific neurotransmitters. Combining these genetically engineered mapping tools is a compelling approach for unraveling the structural and functional brain architecture of complex behaviors and malfunctioned states of neurological disorders. English Frontiers Media S.A. Convergence Circuit Mapping: Genetic Approaches From Structure to Function Article 10.3389/fnsys.2021.688673 1 Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, v.15 Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 15 Y scie scopus 000669475000001 2-s2.0-85109104697 Neurosciences Neurosciences & Neurology Review GCAMP CALCIUM INDICATOR HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS IN-VIVO RABIES VIRUS CRE-RECOMBINASE NERVOUS-SYSTEM CELL-TYPE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY HUMAN CONNECTOME MAMMALIAN-CELLS viral tracers optogenetics chemogenetics genetically encoded calcium indicators genetically encoded transmitter indicators synapse brain mapping