Kim, Heejung Seong, Jihye 2024-01-19T14:32:50Z 2024-01-19T14:32:50Z 2021-09-05 2021-06 1996-1944 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/116939 Autophagy is an essential cellular process of self-degradation for dysfunctional or unnecessary cytosolic constituents and organelles. Dysregulation of autophagy is thus involved in various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. To investigate the complex process of autophagy, various biochemical, chemical assays, and imaging methods have been developed. Here we introduce various methods to study autophagy, in particular focusing on the review of designs, principles, and limitations of the fluorescent protein (FP)-based autophagy biosensors. Different physicochemical properties of FPs, such as pH-sensitivity, stability, brightness, spectral profile, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), are considered to design autophagy biosensors. These FP-based biosensors allow for sensitive detection and real-time monitoring of autophagy progression in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. We also discuss future directions utilizing an optobiochemical strategy to investigate the in-depth mechanisms of autophagy. These cutting-edge technologies will further help us to develop the treatment strategies of autophagy-related diseases. English MDPI CHAPERONE-MEDIATED AUTOPHAGY ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN PARKINSONS-DISEASE MONOMERIC RED PH-BIOSENSOR DEGRADATION LC3 CYAN FLUX MACROAUTOPHAGY Fluorescent Protein-Based Autophagy Biosensors Article 10.3390/ma14113019 1 MATERIALS, v.14, no.11 MATERIALS 14 11 scie scopus 000660266700001 2-s2.0-85107860989 Chemistry, Physical Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering Physics, Applied Physics, Condensed Matter Chemistry Materials Science Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering Physics Review CHAPERONE-MEDIATED AUTOPHAGY ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN PARKINSONS-DISEASE MONOMERIC RED PH-BIOSENSOR DEGRADATION LC3 CYAN FLUX MACROAUTOPHAGY autophagy fluorescence imaging fluorescent protein biosensors neurodegenerative diseases