Park, Heeyoun Yamamoto, Yukio Tanaka-Yamamoto, Keiko 2024-01-19T15:00:40Z 2024-01-19T15:00:40Z 2021-09-05 2021-05 0306-4522 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/117089 cerebellum forms regular neural network structures consisting of a few major types of neurons, such as Purkinje cells, granule cells, and molecular layer interneurons, and receives two major inputs from climbing fibers and mossy fibers. Its regular structures consist of three well-defined layers, with each type of neuron designated to a specific location and forming specific synaptic connections. During the first few weeks of postnatal development in rodents, the cerebellum goes through dynamic changes via proliferation, migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis, and maturation, to create such a network structure. The development of this organized network structure presumably relies on the communication between developing elements in the network, including not only individual neurons, but also their dendrites, axons, and synapses. Therefore, it is reasonable that extracellular signaling via synaptic transmission, secreted molecules, and cell adhesion molecules, plays important roles in cerebellar network development. Although it is not yet clear as to how overall cerebellar development is orchestrated, there is indeed accumulating lines of evidence that extracellular signaling acts toward the development of individual elements in the cerebellar networks. In this article, we introduce what we have learned from many studies regarding the extracellular signaling required for cerebellar network development, including our recent study suggesting the importance of unbiased synaptic inputs from parallel fibers. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: In Memoriam: Masao Ito?A Visionary Neuroscientist with a Passion for the Cerebellum. ? 2020 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. English Elsevier BV Refinement of Cerebellar Network Organization by Extracellular Signaling During Development Article 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.036 1 Neuroscience, v.462, pp.44 - 55 Neuroscience 462 44 55 N scie scopus 000642630900005 2-s2.0-85087506329 Neurosciences Neurosciences & Neurology Review CLIMBING FIBER INNERVATION IMPAIRED MOTOR COORDINATION DENDRITE SELF-AVOIDANCE PURKINJE-CELL DENDRITES SYNAPSE ELIMINATION MULTIPLE INNERVATION GABAERGIC INTERNEURONS NEURONAL MIGRATION MICE LACKING POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT synaptic inputs extracellular signaling Purkinje cells cerebellar granule cells molecular layer interneurons climbing fibers