Jin, Da Woon Ko, Young Joon Ahn, Chang Won Hur, Sunghoon Lee, Tae Kwon Jeong, Dong Geun Lee, Minbaek Kang, Chong-Yun Jung, Jong Hoon 2024-01-19T15:02:54Z 2024-01-19T15:02:54Z 2021-09-05 2021-04 1613-6810 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/117197 While piezoelectric nanogenerators have demonstrated the effective conversion of tiny mechanical vibrations to electricity, their performances are rarely examined under harsh environmental conditions. Here, a multilayered polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film-based piezoelectric nanogenerator (ML-PENG) is demonstrated to generate considerable and stable power outputs even at extremely low temperatures and pressures, and under strong UV. Up-/down-polarized PVDF films are alternately stacked, and Ag electrodes are intercalated between the two adjacent films. At -266 degrees C and 10(-5) Torr, the ML-PENG generates an open-circuit voltage of 1.1 V, a short-circuit current density of 8 nA cm(-2), and a power density of 4.4 nW cm(-2). The piezoelectric outputs are quite stable against prolonged illumination of UV, large temperature- and pressure-variations, and excessive mechanical vibrations. The piezoelectric power density is greatly enhanced above the freezing and glass transition temperatures of PVDF and recorded to be 10, 105, and 282 nW cm(-2) at -73, 0, and 77 degrees C, respectively. The ML-PENG generates sufficient power to operate five light-emitting diodes by harvesting biomechanical energy under simulated Martian conditions. This work suggests that polarization- and electrode-optimized ML-PENG can serve as a reliable and economic power source in harsh and inaccessible environments like polar areas of Earth and extraterrestrial Mars. English WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH Polarization- and Electrode-Optimized Polyvinylidene Fluoride Films for Harsh Environmental Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Applications Article 10.1002/smll.202007289 1 SMALL, v.17, no.14 SMALL 17 14 N scie scopus 000627503200001 2-s2.0-85102495392 Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Chemistry, Physical Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Physics, Applied Physics, Condensed Matter Chemistry Science & Technology - Other Topics Materials Science Physics Article harsh environment inaccessible location Mars piezoelectric nanogenerator polyvinylidene fluoride