Jang, Minhee Choi, Sun-Hye Choi, Jong Hee Oh, Jinhee Lee, Ra Mi Lee, Na-Eun Cho, Yeon-Jin Rhim, Hyewhon Kim, Hyoung-Chun Cho, Ik-Hyun Nah, Seung-Yeol 2024-01-19T15:03:28Z 2024-01-19T15:03:28Z 2021-09-04 2021-04 1792-0981 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/117226 It has been previously indicated that gintonin, which is a novel exogenous ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand, restores memory dysfunctions in an APPswe/PSEN-1 double-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD Tg mice) by attenuating beta-amyloid plaque deposition, recovering cholinergic dysfunctions and upregulating hippocampal neurogenesis in the cortex and hippocampus. Although beta-amyloid plaque depositions in AD is accompanied with disruptions of brain microvessels, including the brain-blood barrier (BBB), it is unknown whether gintonin exerts protective effects on brain microvascular dysfunctions in AD Tg mice. In the present study, the effects of gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) on the changes in beta-amyloid plaque depositions, brain permeability of Evans blue, and microvascular junctional proteins were investigated in AD Tg mice. Long-term oral administration of GEF reduced beta-amyloid plaque depositions in the cortex and hippocampus of AD Tg mice. GEF treatment also reduced the permeability of Evans blue through BBB and decreased immunoreactivity of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (a marker of BBB disruption) in the cortex and hippocampus of AD Tg mice in a dose-dependent manner. However, GEF elevated the protein expression of occludin, claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1, which are tight-junction proteins. The present results demonstrated that long-term oral GEF treatment not only attenuates beta-amyloid plaque depositions in the brain but also exhibits protective effects against microvascular disruptions in AD Tg mice. Finally, GEF exhibits anti-AD effects through attenuation of beta-amyloid plaque depositions and protection against brain microvascular damage in an AD animal model. English Spandidos Publications Ginseng gintonin attenuates the disruptions of brain microvascular permeability and microvascular endothelium junctional proteins in an APPswe/PSEN-1 double-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease Article 10.3892/etm.2021.9741 1 Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, v.21, no.4 Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21 4 N scie 000618968400001 Medicine, Research & Experimental Research & Experimental Medicine Article Ginseng gintonin Alzheimer&apos s disease brain microvessels blood-brain barrier