Yousefian-Jazi, Ali Seol, YunHee Kim, Jieun Ryu, Hannah L. Lee, Junghee Ryu, Hoon 2024-01-19T16:01:42Z 2024-01-19T16:01:42Z 2022-01-10 2020-12 2073-4409 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/117725 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most frequent motor neuron disease and a neurodegenerative disorder, affecting the upper and/or lower motor neurons. Notably, it invariably leads to death within a few years of onset. Although most ALS cases are sporadic, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) forms 10% of the cases. In 1993, the first causative gene (SOD1) of fALS was identified. With rapid advances in genetics, over fifty potentially causative or disease-modifying genes have been found in ALS so far. Accordingly, routine diagnostic tests should encompass the oldest and most frequently mutated ALS genes as well as several new important genetic variants in ALS. Herein, we discuss current literatures on the four newly identified ALS-associated genes (CYLD, S1R, GLT8D1, and KIF5A) and the previously well-known ALS genes including SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, and C9orf72. Moreover, we review the pathogenic implications and disease mechanisms of these genes. Elucidation of the cellular and molecular functions of the mutated genes will bring substantial insights for the development of therapeutic approaches to treat ALS. English MDPI FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION HEXANUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION HEAVY NEUROFILAMENT SUBUNIT NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC TRANSPORT GENETIC ARCHITECTURE VESICLE-TRAFFICKING ANALYSES IDENTIFY AXONAL-TRANSPORT SIGMA-1 RECEPTOR TARDBP MUTATIONS Pathogenic Genome Signatures That Damage Motor Neurons in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Article 10.3390/cells9122687 1 CELLS, v.9, no.12 CELLS 9 12 scie scopus 000602240200001 2-s2.0-85098676989 Cell Biology Cell Biology Review FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION HEXANUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION HEAVY NEUROFILAMENT SUBUNIT NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC TRANSPORT GENETIC ARCHITECTURE VESICLE-TRAFFICKING ANALYSES IDENTIFY AXONAL-TRANSPORT SIGMA-1 RECEPTOR TARDBP MUTATIONS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neuron genome signature cell damage neurodegeneration