Maurya, Deepam Khaleghian, Seyedmeysam Sriramdas, Rammohan Kumar, Prashant Kishore, Ravi Anant Kang, Min Gyu Kumar, Vireshwar Song, Hyun-Cheol Lee, Seul-Yi Yan, Yongke Park, Jung-Min Taheri, Saied Priya, Shashank 2024-01-19T16:32:21Z 2024-01-19T16:32:21Z 2021-09-02 2020-10 2041-1723 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/118055 The transition of autonomous vehicles into fleets requires an advanced control system design that relies on continuous feedback from the tires. Smart tires enable continuous monitoring of dynamic parameters by combining strain sensing with traditional tire functions. Here, we provide breakthrough in this direction by demonstrating tire-integrated system that combines direct mask-less 3D printed strain gauges, flexible piezoelectric energy harvester for powering the sensors and secure wireless data transfer electronics, and machine learning for predictive data analysis. Ink of graphene based material was designed to directly print strain sensor for measuring tire-road interactions under varying driving speeds, normal load, and tire pressure. A secure wireless data transfer hardware powered by a piezoelectric patch is implemented to demonstrate self-powered sensing and wireless communication capability. Combined, this study significantly advances the design and fabrication of cost-effective smart tires by demonstrating practical self-powered wireless strain sensing capability. Designing efficient sensors for smart tires for autonomous vehicles remains a challenge. Here, the authors present a tire-integrated system that combines direct mask-less 3D printed strain gauges, flexible piezoelectric energy harvester for powering the sensors and secure wireless data transfer electronics, and machine learning for predictive data analysis. English Nature Publishing Group 3D printed graphene-based self-powered strain sensors for smart tires in autonomous vehicles Article 10.1038/s41467-020-19088-y 1 Nature Communications, v.11, no.1 Nature Communications 11 1 Y scie scopus 000591371200002 2-s2.0-85093930522 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics Article