Kim, Seung-Won Kim, Sung Hee Kim, Choong Sun Yi, Kyoungsoo Kim, Jun-Sik Cho, Byung Jin Cha, Youngsu 2024-01-19T17:03:22Z 2024-01-19T17:03:22Z 2021-09-04 2020-07-09 2045-2322 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/118392 Thermal perception is essential for the survival and daily activities of people. Thus, it is desirable to realize thermal feedback stimulation for improving the sense of realism in virtual reality (VR) for users. For thermal stimulus, conventional systems utilize liquid circulation with bulky external sources or thermoelectric devices (TEDs) on rigid structures. However, these systems are difficult to apply to compact wearable gear used for complex hand motions to interact with VR. Furthermore, generating a rapid temperature difference, especially cooling, in response to a thermal stimulus in real-time is challenging for the conventional systems. To overcome this challenge and enhance wearability, we developed an untethered real-time thermal display glove. This glove comprised piezoelectric sensors enabling hand motion sensing and flexible TEDs for bidirectional thermal stimulus on skin. The customized flexible TEDs can decrease the temperature by 10 degrees C at room temperature in less than 0.5 s. Moreover, they have sufficiently high durability to withstand over 5,000 bends and high flexibility under a bending radius of 20 mm. In a user test with 20 subjects, the correlation between thermal perception and the displayed object's color was verified, and a survey result showed that the thermal display glove provided realistic and immersive experiences to users when interacting with VR. English NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP WARM TACTILE COLD SENSITIVITY THRESHOLDS TEMPERATURE OBJECT REST Thermal display glove for interacting with virtual reality Article 10.1038/s41598-020-68362-y 1 SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, v.10, no.1 SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 10 1 scie scopus 000548564900117 2-s2.0-85087833750 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics Article WARM TACTILE COLD SENSITIVITY THRESHOLDS TEMPERATURE OBJECT REST