Phan Quang Thang Kim, Seong-Joon Lee, Sang-Jin Kim, Chang Hyeok Lim, Hyung-Jin Lee, Seung-Bok Kim, Jin Young Quang Tran Vuong Choi, Sung-Deuk 2024-01-19T17:32:26Z 2024-01-19T17:32:26Z 2021-09-05 2020-05-15 1352-2310 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/118614 Seoul, the capital of South Korea, is one of the largest megacities in northeast Asia. Previous studies have monitored atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Seoul, but few have produced highly spatially resolved data. In this study, a total of 144 polyurethane foam-passive air samplers (PUF-PASs) were deployed at 36 sites (4 mad, 26 urban, and 6 background sites) in Seoul during the summer of 2016 and the winter of 2017. The concentrations of Sigma(13) PAHs fell within a range of 2.6-49.9 ng/m(3) in summer and 15.5-77.8 ng/m(3) in winter. Low-molecular-weight PAHs with 3-4 rings were dominant (accounting for about 97% of all PAHs) at all sampling sites in both seasons compared to high-molecular-weight PAHs with 5-6 rings. Phenanthrene was the most abundant individual compound, accounting for 35-54% and 42-52% of the total PAHs in summer and winter, respectively. The spatial distribution of PAHs was determined by traffic, domestic heating, topography, transport, and meteorological conditions. The concentration of PAHs at the road sites was higher than at the urban and background sites, indicating that vehicular exhaust was a major source in both seasons. In addition, diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis revealed the influence of various sources, such as gasoline and diesel emissions and coal and biomass combustion. Backward air trajectory analysis highlighted the influence of long-range transport from northern China and North Korea during the winter, whereas the influence of local emissions and satellite cities appeared to dominate during the summer. In conclusion, passive air sampling was successfully employed to identify major sources of PAHs in an Asian megacity, indicating that it could produce data with a high spatial resolution for use in human risk assessment and air monitoring networks. English PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS POLYURETHANE FOAM PUF SOURCE APPORTIONMENT PARTICULATE-PHASE RISK-ASSESSMENT URBAN AREAS PAHS ATMOSPHERE IMPACT PCBS Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using passive air samplers in Seoul, South Korea: Spatial distribution, seasonal variation, and source identification Article 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117460 1 ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, v.229 ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 229 scie scopus 000530031600015 2-s2.0-85082858060 Environmental Sciences Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Article PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS POLYURETHANE FOAM PUF SOURCE APPORTIONMENT PARTICULATE-PHASE RISK-ASSESSMENT URBAN AREAS PAHS ATMOSPHERE IMPACT PCBS PAHs PUF-PAS Seoul Seasonal variation Source identification