Kim, Hye-Won Yun, Taekgeun Hong, Seungkwan Lee, Seockheon Jeong, Seongpil 2024-01-19T17:32:27Z 2024-01-19T17:32:27Z 2021-09-05 2020-05-15 0043-1354 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/118615 Wetting by fouling is phenomenon specific to membrane distillation (MD) and are regarded as challenges to the seawater membrane distillation (SWMD) process. To understand fouling and wetting, the influence of Mg and Sr crystals, which can potentially cause scaling, as well as Ca crystals deposited on the membrane surface were investigated. Mg(OH)(2) and CaSO4 had significant impact on fouling and wetting. Even if CaCO3 and SrSO4 had no effects on fouling and wetting as single salts, CaCO3 and CaSO4 were dominant in synthetic seawater without Mg(OH)(2). However, the occurrence of Mg(OH)(2) scales became a cause for concern if Ca ion was removed from seawater for the prevention of fouling and wetting. Therefore, Mg as well as Ca should be removed for proper fouling and wetting control. NaOH/Na2CO3 softening was used for the removal of Ca and Mg ions. In addition, based on the inhibition effects of Mg ions on Ca scales, a new pretreatment method involving the injection of MgCl2 to increase the Mg /Ca ratio was examined. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. English PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD DESALINATION PRECIPITATION CRYSTALLIZATION PRETREATMENT MITIGATION COAGULATION INHIBITION MECHANISMS CACO3 BRINE Retardation of wetting for membrane distillation by adjusting major components of seawater Article 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115677 1 WATER RESEARCH, v.175 WATER RESEARCH 175 scie scopus 000525947900022 2-s2.0-85081257588 Engineering, Environmental Environmental Sciences Water Resources Engineering Environmental Sciences & Ecology Water Resources Article DESALINATION PRECIPITATION CRYSTALLIZATION PRETREATMENT MITIGATION COAGULATION INHIBITION MECHANISMS CACO3 BRINE Retardation of wetting Membrane distillation Visualization system Chemical softening Mg addition