Lee, Song Yeul Lee, Ruda Kim, Eunha Lee, Sanghee Park, Yong Il 2024-01-19T17:34:18Z 2024-01-19T17:34:18Z 2021-09-05 2020-04-16 2296-4185 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/118720 Elucidation of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that can be excited by near-infrared (NIR) light is an interesting topic in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the PDT efficiency of conventional UCNPs is limited due to the low quantum yield and overheating effect of the 980 nm light source. In this study, a light source with a wavelength of 808 nm was used as an excitation source for Nd-doped UCNPs to solve the overheating effect. UCNPs with a core@shell structure (NaYF4:Yb,Er,Nd@NaYF4:Yb,Nd) were synthesized to increase the upconversion emission efficiency. Dual-color emitting Er-doped UCNPs and dual photosensitizers (Chlorin e6 and Rose Bengal) were used for enhanced PDT. Each photosensitizer could absorb red and green emissions of the UCNPs to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. The ROS generation in a dual photosensitizer system is significantly higher than that in a single photosensitizer system. Additionally, PDT induces immunogenic apoptosis. In this study, by utilizing a highly efficient PDT agent, PDT-induced apoptosis was studied by biomarker analysis. English FRONTIERS MEDIA SA IN-VIVO LUMINESCENCE DESIGN COMBINATION IMMUNITY Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Photodynamic Therapy and Apoptosis Using Upconversion Nanoparticles With Dual Photosensitizers Article 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00275 1 FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, v.8 FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 8 scie scopus 000531239400001 2-s2.0-85084059884 Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology Multidisciplinary Sciences Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology Science & Technology - Other Topics Article IN-VIVO LUMINESCENCE DESIGN COMBINATION IMMUNITY near-infrared upconversion nanoparticle photodynamic therapy apoptosis