Kim, Jiwon Jang, Hee Jeong Schellingerhout, Dawid Kang, Jeong Wook Choi, Seungbum Oh, Hyerin Kim, Eo Jin Lee, Su-Kyoung Lee, Ji Sung Kwon, Ick Chan Kim, Kwangmeyung Koh, Young Jun Ryu, Wi-Sun Kim, Dong-Eog 2024-01-19T18:01:03Z 2024-01-19T18:01:03Z 2021-09-05 2020-04 0021-9150 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/118818 Background and aims: Exercise training (ET) helps treat atherosclerosis. However, many patients stop regular ET for various reasons. The effect of detraining on atherosclerosis is not well studied. We examined the effects of ET vs. short-term detraining on atheromatous matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in preexisting plaque and circulating cytokines/lipids. Methods and results: Eighteen-week-old apolipoprotein-E-/- mice (n = 56) on a Western diet underwent: 1) ET for 6-weeks (ET5+1), 2) ET for 5-weeks and detraining for 1-week (ET5+0), 3) ET for the last 1-week (ET0+1), or 4) no treadmill ET at all for 6-weeks (ET0+0). Atheromatous MMP-activity was visualized using molecular imaging with an MMP-2/9-activatable near-infrared-fluorescent probe. Compared with no ET (ET0+0), regular ET (ET5+1) decreased carotid atheromatous MMP activity, but this protective effect was significantly blunted by short-term detraining (ET5+0). Short-term detraining after longer-term ET showed a reduction in MMP-activity similar to short-term ET (ET0+1). Blood levels of lipids and cytokines paralleled the molecular imaging results: exercise caused higher levels of high-density lipoprotein, adiponectin, and interleukin-10 and lower levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-1 beta, and low-density lipoprotein. However, this beneficial effect was short-lived, with the ET5+0 group being similar to the ET0+0 group, and the ET0+1 group being similar to the ET5+1 group. The effect of exercise can be modeled with an exponential-decay of the protective factor of about 15%/day. Conclusions: Even short-term detraining reduces atheroprotective effects, and tips the balance towards atherosclerosis. This suggests that ET, to be effective, needs to be prolonged and regular, and that detraining should be avoided. English ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD AEROBIC EXERCISE ENDURANCE ATHEROSCLEROSIS INTERLEUKIN-6 ADIPONECTIN CYTOKINES WEIGHT ALPHA IL-6 Effects of exercise training and detraining on atheromatous matrix metalloproteinase activity in mice Article 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.02.022 1 ATHEROSCLEROSIS, v.299, pp.15 - 23 ATHEROSCLEROSIS 299 15 23 scie scopus 000526940800003 2-s2.0-85081389557 Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems Peripheral Vascular Disease Cardiovascular System & Cardiology Article AEROBIC EXERCISE ENDURANCE ATHEROSCLEROSIS INTERLEUKIN-6 ADIPONECTIN CYTOKINES WEIGHT ALPHA IL-6 Exercise training Atherosclerosis Matrix metalloproteinase Molecular imaging Cytokines