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<dublin_core schema="dc">
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Im,&#x20;Sung&#x20;Ju</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Jeong,&#x20;Sanghyun</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Jeong,&#x20;Seongpil</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Jang,&#x20;Am</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2024-01-19T18:03:25Z</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="available">2024-01-19T18:03:25Z</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="created">2021-09-05</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="issued">2020-02-15</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="issn">0011-9164</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="uri">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;pubs.kist.re.kr&#x2F;handle&#x2F;201004&#x2F;118953</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="abstract">The&#x20;forward&#x20;osmosis&#x20;(FO)-reverse&#x20;osmosis&#x20;(RO)&#x20;hybrid&#x20;process&#x20;is&#x20;gaining&#x20;attention&#x20;in&#x20;the&#x20;desalination&#x20;market&#x20;because&#x20;it&#x20;can&#x20;purify&#x20;diluted&#x20;seawater&#x20;and&#x20;the&#x20;RO&#x20;unit&#x20;functions&#x20;at&#x20;low&#x20;pressure&#x20;conditions,&#x20;resulting&#x20;in&#x20;a&#x20;reduced&#x20;total&#x20;operational&#x20;cost.&#x20;However,&#x20;FO&#x20;element&#x20;configuration&#x20;affects&#x20;the&#x20;process&#x20;performance,&#x20;minimum&#x20;flow&#x20;rate,&#x20;inlet&#x20;pressure,&#x20;product&#x20;capacity,&#x20;and&#x20;draw&#x20;solution&#x20;(DS)&#x20;dilution&#x20;rate.&#x20;Moreover,&#x20;economic&#x20;evaluation&#x20;of&#x20;the&#x20;FO-RO&#x20;hybrid&#x20;process&#x20;in&#x20;the&#x20;Middle&#x20;East,&#x20;which&#x20;is&#x20;the&#x20;largest&#x20;seawater&#x20;desalination&#x20;market,&#x20;is&#x20;required&#x20;to&#x20;obtain&#x20;representative&#x20;results.&#x20;Realistic&#x20;economic&#x20;evaluation&#x20;can&#x20;be&#x20;achieved&#x20;with&#x20;a&#x20;real-performance&#x20;database&#x20;(DB)&#x20;and&#x20;specific&#x20;assumptions.&#x20;In&#x20;this&#x20;study,&#x20;a&#x20;techno-economic&#x20;evaluation&#x20;of&#x20;the&#x20;FO-RO&#x20;hybrid&#x20;process&#x20;was&#x20;conducted&#x20;using&#x20;real&#x20;element-scale&#x20;FO&#x20;DB&#x20;and&#x20;simulation&#x20;DB,&#x20;and&#x20;the&#x20;results&#x20;were&#x20;compared&#x20;with&#x20;those&#x20;of&#x20;a&#x20;stand-alone&#x20;two&#x20;stage&#x20;RO&#x20;process.&#x20;Spiral&#x20;wound&#x20;FO&#x20;(SWFO)&#x20;and&#x20;plate&#x20;and&#x20;frame&#x20;(PFFO)-RO&#x20;hybrid&#x20;processes&#x20;were&#x20;more&#x20;economical&#x20;by&#x20;8.84%&#x20;and&#x20;3.73%,&#x20;respectively,&#x20;when&#x20;compared&#x20;to&#x20;two-stage&#x20;RO.&#x20;In&#x20;the&#x20;Middle&#x20;East,&#x20;the&#x20;total&#x20;cost&#x20;of&#x20;SWFO-RO&#x20;was&#x20;45.1&#x20;M$&#x20;lesser&#x20;than&#x20;that&#x20;of&#x20;PFFO-RO&#x20;due&#x20;to&#x20;its&#x20;higher&#x20;water&#x20;flux&#x20;and&#x20;DS&#x20;dilution&#x20;rate.&#x20;Therefore,&#x20;the&#x20;FO-RO&#x20;hybrid&#x20;process&#x20;has&#x20;high&#x20;economic&#x20;potential&#x20;in&#x20;the&#x20;Middle&#x20;East&#x20;and&#x20;elsewhere.</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="language" qualifier="none">English</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="publisher" qualifier="none">ELSEVIER</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">WASTE-WATER&#x20;REUSE</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">LIFE-CYCLE</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">OSMOTIC&#x20;DILUTION</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">MEMBRANE</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">SYSTEM</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">COST</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">OPTIMIZATION</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">FEASIBILITY</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">PERFORMANCE</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">CHALLENGES</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="title" qualifier="none">Techno-economic&#x20;evaluation&#x20;of&#x20;an&#x20;element-scale&#x20;forward&#x20;osmosis-reverse&#x20;osmosis&#x20;hybrid&#x20;process&#x20;for&#x20;seawater&#x20;desalination</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="type" qualifier="none">Article</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="doi">10.1016&#x2F;j.desal.2019.114240</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="journalClass">1</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="bibliographicCitation">DESALINATION,&#x20;v.476</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="title">DESALINATION</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="volume">476</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="journalRegisteredClass">scie</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="journalRegisteredClass">scopus</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="wosid">000508744900019</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="scopusid">2-s2.0-85075567792</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="relation" qualifier="journalWebOfScienceCategory">Engineering,&#x20;Chemical</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="relation" qualifier="journalWebOfScienceCategory">Water&#x20;Resources</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="relation" qualifier="journalResearchArea">Engineering</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="relation" qualifier="journalResearchArea">Water&#x20;Resources</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="type" qualifier="docType">Article</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">WASTE-WATER&#x20;REUSE</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">LIFE-CYCLE</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">OSMOTIC&#x20;DILUTION</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">MEMBRANE</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">SYSTEM</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">COST</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">OPTIMIZATION</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">FEASIBILITY</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">PERFORMANCE</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">CHALLENGES</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">Economic&#x20;evaluation</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">FO-RO&#x20;hybrid&#x20;system</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">Plate&#x20;and&#x20;frame&#x20;FO&#x20;element</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">Spiral&#x20;wound&#x20;FO&#x20;element</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">Two-stage&#x20;RO&#x20;process</dcvalue>
</dublin_core>
