Lee, Dajeong Cho, Jae Yu Yun, Hee-Sun Lee, Doh-Kwon Kim, Taehoon Bang, Kijoon Lee, Yun Seog Kim, Ho-Young Heo, Jaeyeong 2024-01-19T20:31:39Z 2024-01-19T20:31:39Z 2021-09-02 2019-03-28 2050-7488 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/120191 The influence of the vapor transport deposition (VTD) conditions of tin sulfide (SnS) on the formation of secondary phases, preferred orientation, and solar cell performance is investigated in this study. It is concluded that 600 degrees C is the optimal growth temperature for the formation of pure SnS absorbers. When the growth temperature was 550 degrees C, the formation of secondary Sn2S3 and SnS2 phases was detected by Raman analysis. When the growth temperature was 625 degrees C, a noticeable change in morphology was observed with the plate-shaped grains aligned vertically to the substrate, which is detrimental to solar cell performance. The duration of growth also affected the morphology of the SnS absorber. Thin absorbers exhibited strong (120) preferred orientation. With increased duration of growth, (101) and (111) orientations increased. Such a variation in preferred orientation influenced the SnS/CdS solar cell's performance. When the absorber thickness was as thin as approximate to 0.7 m, the cell was prone to shunting and severe series resistance. When the absorber was as thick as approximate to 3.0 m, physical shunting prevailed, worsening the performance of the cell. The highest efficiency of 3.93% with good cell-to-cell uniformity was achieved when the absorber thickness was approximate to 1.2 m. The good stability of the best device was also confirmed under continuous illumination and damp-heat conditions for 100 h. English ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY SNS SULFIDE PHOTOVOLTAICS IMPACT Vapor transport deposited tin monosulfide for thin-film solar cells: effect of deposition temperature and duration Article 10.1039/c8ta09820d 1 JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A, v.7, no.12, pp.7186 - 7193 JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A 7 12 7186 7193 scie scopus 000463814800059 2-s2.0-85063150566 Chemistry, Physical Energy & Fuels Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Chemistry Energy & Fuels Materials Science Article SNS SULFIDE PHOTOVOLTAICS IMPACT SnS solar cell temperatgure duration earth-abundant