Noh, Myoung-Sub Lee, Hyunseok Song, Young Geun Jung, Inki Ning, Ruiguang Paek, Sung Wook Song, Hyun-Cheol Baek, Seung-Hyub Kang, Chong-Yun Kim, Sangtae 2024-01-19T20:33:50Z 2024-01-19T20:33:50Z 2021-09-02 2019-03 2211-2855 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/120315 Conventional artificial muscles induce bending by aligning large-sized ions within the electrolyte upon bias application. Such design, alike many other actuator types, suffer from volatile actuation where the actuated position gets lost upon switch-off. Here, we develop a non-volatile artificial muscle with ion insertion electrode materials. Upon bias application, the inserted ions pose stress on the electrodes that sustain even after power shut-off. The demonstrated actuator consists of lithium germanide (LixGe) thin films deposited on both sides of a flexible polyimide (PI) substrate. The device exhibits 35.2 mm displacement when operated at 2 V and generates the blocking force of 0.67 mN. The observed stress and volume expansion reach 248 MPa and 8.2% for the 284 nm Li3Ge thin films, respectively. The actuated position is maintained against gravity with 12.1% decay in the actuated distance after 10 min. The novel actuator type proves the potential use of lithium insertion materials as actuation materials and shows that non-volatile actuation can be realized with ion-insertion electrodes. English ELSEVIER LITHIUM-ION BATTERY MECHANICAL STRESSES GERMANIUM ELECTRODES LITHIATION DESIGN Li alloy-based non-volatile actuators Article 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.12.095 1 NANO ENERGY, v.57, pp.653 - 659 NANO ENERGY 57 653 659 scie scopus 000458419000069 2-s2.0-85059532397 Chemistry, Physical Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Physics, Applied Chemistry Science & Technology - Other Topics Materials Science Physics Article LITHIUM-ION BATTERY MECHANICAL STRESSES GERMANIUM ELECTRODES LITHIATION DESIGN Artificial Muscles Non-Volatile Actuation Li Alloys Electrochemistry