Chun, Heejung Marriott, Ian Lee, C. Justin Cho, Hansang 2024-01-19T21:34:48Z 2024-01-19T21:34:48Z 2021-09-03 2018-09-26 1664-2295 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/120892 Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative illness and the exact etiology of the disease remains unknown. It is characterized by long preclinical and prodromal phases with pathological features including an accumulation of amyloid-beta (A beta) peptides into extracellular A beta plaques in the brain parenchyma and the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) within neurons as a result of abnormal phosphorylation of microtubule-associated tau proteins. In addition, prominent activation of innate immune cells is also observed and/or followed by marked neuroinflammation. While such neuroinflammatory responses may function in a neuroprotective manner by clearing neurotoxic factors, they can also be neurotoxic by contributing to neurodegeneration via elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators and oxidative stress, and altered levels of neurotransmitters, that underlie pathological symptoms including synaptic and cognitive impairment, neuronal death, reduced memory, and neocortex and hippocampus malfunctions. Glial cells, particularly activated microglia and reactive astrocytes, appear to play critical and interactive roles in such dichotomous responses. Accumulating evidences clearly point to their critical involvement in the prevention, initiation, and progression, of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. Here, we review recent findings on the roles of astrocyte-microglial interactions in neurodegeneration in the context of AD and discuss newly developed in vitro and in vivo experimental models that will enable more detailed analysis of glial interplay. An increased understanding of the roles of glia and the development of new exploratory tools are likely to be crucial for the development of new interventions for early stage AD prevention and cures. English FRONTIERS MEDIA SA APP(SW) TRANSGENIC MICE BETA/NF-KAPPA-B MOUSE MODEL MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION IN-VIVO REACTIVE ASTROCYTES COGNITIVE DECLINE UP-REGULATION AMYLOID-BETA A-BETA Elucidating the Interactive Roles of Glia in Alzheimer's Disease Using Established and Newly Developed Experimental Models Article 10.3389/fneur.2018.00797 1 FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY, v.9 FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY 9 scie scopus 000445666100001 2-s2.0-85055180699 Clinical Neurology Neurosciences Neurosciences & Neurology Review APP(SW) TRANSGENIC MICE BETA/NF-KAPPA-B MOUSE MODEL MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION IN-VIVO REACTIVE ASTROCYTES COGNITIVE DECLINE UP-REGULATION AMYLOID-BETA A-BETA neuroinflammation Alzheimer&apos s disease astrogliosis microgliosis animal models brain-on-a-chip astrogliosis-microgliosis axis