Park, Byeongho Yang, Heehong Ha, Tai Hwan Park, Hyun Seo Oh, Seung Ja Ryu, Yong-Sang Cho, Youngho Kim, Hyo-Suk Oh, Juyeong Lee, Dong Kyu Kim, Chulki Lee, Taikjin Seo, Minah Choi, Jaebin Jhon, Young Min Woo, Deok Ha Lee, Seok Kim, Seok Hwan Lee, Hyuk-Jae Jun, Seong Chan Hyun, Seok Song Park, Tai Hyun Kim, Jae Hun 2024-01-19T22:30:46Z 2024-01-19T22:30:46Z 2021-09-03 2018-07 0935-9648 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/121182 Photosensitive materials contain biologically engineered elements and are constructed using delicate techniques, with special attention devoted to efficiency, stability, and biocompatibility. However, to date, no photosensitive material has been developed to replace damaged visual-systems to detect light and transmit the signal to a neuron in the human body. In the current study, artificial nanovesicle-based photosensitive materials are observed to possess the characteristics of photoreceptors similar to the human eye. The materials exhibit considerably effective spectral characteristics according to each pigment. Four photoreceptors originating from the human eye with color-distinguishability are produced in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells and partially purified in the form of nanovesicles. Under various wavelengths of visible light, electrochemical measurements are performed to analyze the physiological behavior and kinetics of the photoreceptors, with graphene, performing as an electrode, playing an important role in the lipid bilayer deposition and oxygen reduction processes. Four nanovesicles with different photoreceptors, namely, rhodopsin (Rho), short-, medium-, and longwave sensitive opsin 1 (1SW, 1MW, 1LW), show remarkable color-dependent characteristics, consistent with those of natural human retina. With four different light-emitting diodes for functional verification, the photoreceptors embedded in nanovesicles show remarkably specific color sensitivity. This study demonstrates the potential applications of light-activated platforms in biological optoelectronic industries. English WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Artificial Rod and Cone Photoreceptors with Human-Like Spectral Sensitivities Article 10.1002/adma.201706764 1 Advanced Materials, v.30, no.27 Advanced Materials 30 27 N scie scopus 000436930800006 2-s2.0-85047561985 Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Chemistry, Physical Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Physics, Applied Physics, Condensed Matter Chemistry Science & Technology - Other Topics Materials Science Physics Article HUMAN TASTE RECEPTOR COLOR-TUNING MECHANISM ALL-TRANS-RETINOL BIOELECTRONIC NOSE ELECTRON-TRANSFER OXYGEN REDUCTION VISUAL PIGMENTS RHODOPSIN TONGUE BACTERIORHODOPSIN artificial biomaterials color sensitivity graphene photoreceptors spectral characteristics