Lee, Joong-Jae Park, Jung-Min 2024-01-19T22:31:14Z 2024-01-19T22:31:14Z 2021-09-03 2018-07 0953-5438 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/121208 The demand for interactive applications in 3D virtual environments is increasing, but they are not easy to develop. In this article, we propose an I-Typed direct manipulation modeling language (DMML) for designing and developing interaction applications to directly manipulate virtual objects in 3D virtual environments. The I-Typed DMML consists of a domain-specific language to describe direct manipulation interaction easily and intuitively with a DMI engine that supports I-Type-based direct manipulation interaction. The feasibility of the proposed language for a variety of applications is confirmed by user study results, which demonstrate usability in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction. English OXFORD UNIV PRESS I-Typed DMML: A Novel DSL for Direct Manipulation Interaction with Virtual Objects Article 10.1093/iwc/iwy014 1 INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS, v.30, no.4, pp.336 - 357 INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS 30 4 336 357 scie ssci scopus 000440325600004 2-s2.0-85051015040 Computer Science, Cybernetics Ergonomics Computer Science Engineering Article virtual object virtual reality interaction type (I-Type) domain-specific language (DSL) direct manipulation modeling language (DMML) direct manipulation interaction (DMI) engine