Wang, Y. F. Shao, Y. C. Hsieh, S. H. Chang, Y. K. Yeh, P. H. Hsueh, H. C. Chiou, J. W. Wang, H. T. Ray, S. C. Tsai, H. M. Pao, C. W. Chen, C. H. Lin, H. J. Lee, J. F. Wu, C. T. Wu, J. J. Chang, Y. M. Asokan, K. Chae, K. H. Ohigashi, T. Takagi, Y. Yokoyama, T. Kosugi, N. Pong, W. F. 2024-01-19T22:34:22Z 2024-01-19T22:34:22Z 2021-09-03 2018-05-17 2045-2322 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/121369 Various synchrotron radiation-based spectroscopic and microscopic techniques are used to elucidate the room-temperature ferromagnetism of carbon-doped ZnO-nanowires (ZnO-C:NW) via a mild C+ ion implantation method. The photoluminescence and magnetic hysteresis loops reveal that the implantation of C reduces the number of intrinsic surface defects and increases the saturated magnetization of ZnO-NW. The interstitial implanted C ions constitute the majority of defects in ZnO-C:NW as confirmed by the X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies. The X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra of O and C K-edge respectively indicate there is a reduction in the number of unpaired/dangling O 2p bonds in the surface region of ZnO-C:NW and the C 2p-derived states of the implanted C ions strongly affect the net spin polarization in the surface and bulk regions of ZnO-C:NW. Furthermore, these findings corroborate well with the first-principles calculations of C-implanted ZnO in surface and bulk regions, which highlight the stability of implanted C for the suppression and enhancement of the ferromagnetism of the ZnO-C:NW in the surface region and bulk phase, respectively. English NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE NANOSTRUCTURES FERROMAGNETISM SEMICONDUCTORS BACKSCATTERING MICROSCOPY EMISSION VACANCY Origin of magnetic properties in carbon implanted ZnO nanowires Article 10.1038/s41598-018-25948-x 1 SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, v.8 SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 8 scie scopus 000432339100021 2-s2.0-85047268436 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics Article RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE NANOSTRUCTURES FERROMAGNETISM SEMICONDUCTORS BACKSCATTERING MICROSCOPY EMISSION VACANCY synchrotron radiation room-temperature ferromagnetism carbon-doped ZnO-nanowires ion implantation