Shin, Myoung-Sook Song, Ji Hoon Choi, Pilju Lee, Jong Hun Kim, Song-Yi Shin, Kwang-Soon Ham, Jungyeob Kang, Ki Sung 2024-01-19T22:34:29Z 2024-01-19T22:34:29Z 2021-09-03 2018-05-09 0021-8561 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/121375 Panax ginseng Meyer has been used for the treatment of immune diseases and for strengthening the immune function. In this study, we evaluated the innate immune-stimulating functions and action mechanisms of white ginseng (WG) and heat-processed ginseng (HPG) in RAW264.7 cells. According to LC-MS analysis results, WG contained typical ginsenosides, such as Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rd, and Rg1, whereas HPG contained Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5 as well as typical ginsenosides. HPG, not WG, enhanced NF-kappa B transcriptional activity, cytokine production (IL-6 and TNF-alpha), and MHC class I and II expression in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, HPG phosphorylated MAPKs and NF-kappa B pathways. In experiments with inhibitors, the ERK inhibitor completely suppressed the effect of HPG on IL-6 and TNF-alpha production. HPG-induced c-Jun activation was suppressed by an ERK inhibitor and partially suppressed by JNK, p38, and IkB alpha inhibitors. Collectively, these results suggested that HPG containing Rg3, Rg5, and Rk1 increased macrophage activation which was regulated by the ERK/c-Jun pathway in RAW264.7 cells. English AMER CHEMICAL SOC CELL ACTIVATION BLACK GINSENG MACROPHAGES RECEPTORS APOPTOSIS POLYSACCHARIDES GINSENOSIDES RECOGNITION PATHWAYS KINASES Stimulation of Innate Immune Function by Panax ginseng after Heat Processing Article 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00152 1 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, v.66, no.18, pp.4652 - 4659 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 66 18 4652 4659 scie scopus 000432094900010 2-s2.0-85046291890 Agriculture, Multidisciplinary Chemistry, Applied Food Science & Technology Agriculture Chemistry Food Science & Technology Article CELL ACTIVATION BLACK GINSENG MACROPHAGES RECEPTORS APOPTOSIS POLYSACCHARIDES GINSENOSIDES RECOGNITION PATHWAYS KINASES ginseng heat processing macrophage cells ERK/c-Jun pathway