Lee, Cheol-Ho Lee, Sungho Yeo, Jun-Seok Kang, Gil-Seong Noh, Yong-Jin Park, Sae-Mi Lee, Doh C. Na, Seok-In Joh, Han-Ik 2024-01-19T22:34:54Z 2024-01-19T22:34:54Z 2021-09-03 2018-05 1226-086X https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/121398 Mn3O4 on reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) was easily synthesized by upcycling process of wasting manganese ions which were generated during oxidation reaction from graphite to GO. The yellow-brown GO suspension under acid media before neutralization immediately became black precipitates when the suspension was titrated into the concentrated NaOH solution. The method could convert the wasting manganese ions up to similar to 91 wt% to Mn3O4 to optimize work function in a hole transport layer (HTL) for organic solar cells. The hybrid materials exhibited an ideal electronic structure suitable for HTL, leading to the excellent power conversion efficiency of similar to 3.23%. (C) 2017 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. English 한국공업화학회 Hybrid materials of upcycled Mn3O4 and reduced graphene oxide for a buffer layer in organic solar cells Article 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.12.006 1 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, v.61, pp.106 - 111 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 61 106 111 N scie scopus kci ART002347458 000429757700013 2-s2.0-85039731671 Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Engineering, Chemical Chemistry Engineering Article PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS TRANSPORT LAYERS HIGHLY EFFICIENT REDUCTION PERFORMANCE OXYGEN NANOCOMPOSITES EXFOLIATION CHEMISTRY GO Mn3O4 Graphene oxide Manganese ion Recycle Organic solar cell