Lee, Minho Cho, Hyeyoung Jung, Seung Hyun Yim, Seon-Hee Cho, Sung-Min Chun, Ji-Won Paik, Soo-Hyun Park, Yae Eun Cheon, Dong Huey Lee, Ji Eun Choi, Jung-Seok Kim, Dai-Jin Chung, Yeun-Jun 2024-01-19T23:04:10Z 2024-01-19T23:04:10Z 2021-09-03 2018-03-12 1664-0640 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/121607 Background: Addictive use of the Internet and online games is a potential psychiatric disorder termed Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Altered microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles have been reported in blood and brain tissue of patients with certain psychiatric disorders and suggested as biomarkers. However, there have been no reports on blood miRNA profiles in IGD. Methods: To discover IGD-associated miRNAs, we analyzed the miRNA expression profiles of 51 samples (25 IGD and 26 controls) using the TaqMan Low Density miRNA Array. For validation, we performed quantitative reverse transcription PCR with 36 independent samples (20 IGD and 16 controls). Results: Through discovery and independent validation, we identified three miRNAs (hsa-miR-200c-3p, hsa-miR-26b-5p, hsa-miR-652-3p) that were significantly downregulated in the IGD group. Individuals with all three miRNA alterations had a much higher risk of IGD than those with no alteration [odds ratio (OR) 22, 95% CI 2.29-211.11], and the ORs increased dose dependently with number of altered miRNAs. The predicted target genes of the three miRNAs were associated with neural pathways. We explored the protein expression of the three downstream target genes by western blot and confirmed that expression of GABRB2 and DPYSL2 was significantly higher in the IGD group. Conclusion: We observed that expressions of hsa-miR-200c-3p, hsa-miR-26b-5p, and hsa-miR-652-3p were downregulated in the IGD patients. Our results will be helpful to understand the pathophysiology of IGD. English FRONTIERS MEDIA SA NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION GENE POLYMORPHISMS SCHIZOPHRENIA BRAIN ADDICTION RECEPTOR DEPRESSION REWARD IDENTIFICATION HERITABILITY Circulating MicroRNA Expression Levels Associated With Internet Gaming Disorder Article 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00081 1 FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY, v.9 FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY 9 scie ssci scopus 000427170000001 2-s2.0-85043986988 Psychiatry Psychiatry Article NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION GENE POLYMORPHISMS SCHIZOPHRENIA BRAIN ADDICTION RECEPTOR DEPRESSION REWARD IDENTIFICATION HERITABILITY Internet gaming disorder microRNA biomarker addiction western blot