Shin, Su Ryon Migliori, Bianca Miccoli, Beatrice Li, Yi-Chen Mostafalu, Pooria Seo, Jungmok Mandla, Serena Enrico, Alessandro Antona, Silvia Sabarish, Ram Zheng, Ting Pirrami, Lorenzo Zhang, Kaizhen Zhang, Yu Shrike Wan, Kai-tak Demarchi, Danilo Dokmeci, Mehmet R. Khademhosseini, Ali 2024-01-19T23:04:13Z 2024-01-19T23:04:13Z 2021-09-03 2018-03-08 0935-9648 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/121610 To create life-like movements, living muscle actuator technologies have borrowed inspiration from biomimetic concepts in developing bioinspired robots. Here, the development of a bioinspired soft robotics system, with integrated self-actuating cardiac muscles on a hierarchically structured scaffold with flexible gold microelectrodes is reported. Inspired by the movement of living organisms, a batoid-fish-shaped substrate is designed and reported, which is composed of two micropatterned hydrogel layers. The first layer is a poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel substrate, which provides a mechanically stable structure for the robot, followed by a layer of gelatin methacryloyl embedded with carbon nanotubes, which serves as a cell culture substrate, to create the actuation component for the soft body robot. In addition, flexible Au microelectrodes are embedded into the biomimetic scaffold, which not only enhance the mechanical integrity of the device, but also increase its electrical conductivity. After culturing and maturation of cardiomyocytes on the biomimetic scaffold, they show excellent myofiber organization and provide self-actuating motions aligned with the direction of the contractile force of the cells. The Au microelectrodes placed below the cell layer further provide localized electrical stimulation and control of the beating behavior of the bioinspired soft robot. English WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH FABRICATION ACTUATORS HYDROGELS MUSCLE CONSTRUCTS SCAFFOLDS Electrically Driven Microengineered Bioinspired Soft Robots Article 10.1002/adma.201704189 1 ADVANCED MATERIALS, v.30, no.10 ADVANCED MATERIALS 30 10 scie scopus 000426720400001 2-s2.0-85040627237 Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Chemistry, Physical Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Physics, Applied Physics, Condensed Matter Chemistry Science & Technology - Other Topics Materials Science Physics Article FABRICATION ACTUATORS HYDROGELS MUSCLE CONSTRUCTS SCAFFOLDS bioinspiration bioactuators cardiac tissue engineering flexible microelectrodes hydrogels