Park, Bo-In Jang, Yoon Hee Lee, Seung Yong Lee, Doh-Kwon 2024-01-19T23:30:23Z 2024-01-19T23:30:23Z 2021-09-03 2018-03 2168-0485 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/121661 We demonstrate nontoxic, earth-abundant light absorbing SnS thin films fabricated by a low-cost, environmentally friendly nonvacuum process. SnS nanocrystals (NCs) are mechanochemically synthesized from elemental powders without the use of any other additives or solvents. To investigate the effect of the Sn-to-S stoichiometric ratio on the crystalline phase of the SnS NCs, the nonstoichiometry is systematically controlled from 0.95 (Sn0.95S) to 1.05 (Sn1.05S) by adjusting the mixing ratio of the Sn and S powders. The crystallographic evolution with the milling time signifies that the formation of the SnS phase follows a mechanochemically driven self-propagation reaction mechanism. The as-synthesized SnS NCs with a stoichiometric composition (i.e., Sn1.00S) are found to contain a Sn2S3 impurity phase in a non negligible amount, which can be subsequently eliminated by a post heat treatment at 500 degrees C in a reducing atmosphere. Interestingly, however, the formation of Sn2S3 during the mechanochemical synthesis process is greatly alleviated by introducing a Sn-excess composition (e.g., SnLosS). In addition, the solar cell with a Sn1.05S absorber exhibits a much higher efficiency as compared to the Sn0.95S- or Sn1.00S-based devices, which is likely attributed to the improved phase purity of Sn-excess SnS as well as to its better microstructure with higher crystallinity than the other compositions. English American Chemical Society SULFIDE THIN-FILMS CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION TIN SULFIDE ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES OPTICAL-PROPERTIES SINGLE-CRYSTALS TEMPERATURE PRECURSORS Mechanochemically Synthesized SnS Nanocrystals: Impact of Nonstoichiometry on Phase Purity and Solar Cell Performance Article 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b02711 1 ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, v.6, no.3, pp.3002 - 3009 ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 6 3 3002 3009 scie scopus 000427092900024 2-s2.0-85043231696 Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Green & Sustainable Science & Technology Engineering, Chemical Chemistry Science & Technology - Other Topics Engineering Article SULFIDE THIN-FILMS CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION TIN SULFIDE ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES OPTICAL-PROPERTIES SINGLE-CRYSTALS TEMPERATURE PRECURSORS Tin sulfide Mechanochemical Nanocrystals Thin-film solar cells Nonstoichiomentry