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<dublin_core schema="dc">
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Kim,&#x20;Haeri</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Park,&#x20;Se&#x20;Jin</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Kim,&#x20;Byungwoo</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Hwang,&#x20;Yun&#x20;Jeong</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Min,&#x20;Byoung&#x20;Koun</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2024-01-19T23:31:27Z</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="available">2024-01-19T23:31:27Z</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="created">2021-09-03</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="issued">2018-02-05</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="issn">1439-4235</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="uri">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;pubs.kist.re.kr&#x2F;handle&#x2F;201004&#x2F;121715</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="abstract">CuIn1-xGaxS2-ySey&#x20;(CIGSSe)&#x20;thin&#x20;films&#x20;have&#x20;attracted&#x20;a&#x20;great&#x20;deal&#x20;of&#x20;attention&#x20;as&#x20;promising&#x20;absorbing&#x20;materials&#x20;for&#x20;solar&#x20;cell&#x20;applications,&#x20;owing&#x20;to&#x20;their&#x20;favorable&#x20;optical&#x20;properties&#x20;(e.g.&#x20;a&#x20;direct&#x20;band&#x20;gap&#x20;and&#x20;high&#x20;absorption&#x20;coefficients)&#x20;and&#x20;stable&#x20;structure.&#x20;Many&#x20;studies&#x20;have&#x20;sought&#x20;to&#x20;improve&#x20;the&#x20;efficiency&#x20;of&#x20;solar&#x20;cells&#x20;using&#x20;these&#x20;films,&#x20;and&#x20;it&#x20;has&#x20;been&#x20;found&#x20;that&#x20;surface&#x20;modification&#x20;through&#x20;post-heat&#x20;treatment&#x20;can&#x20;lead&#x20;to&#x20;surface&#x20;passivation&#x20;of&#x20;surface&#x20;defects&#x20;and&#x20;a&#x20;subsequent&#x20;increase&#x20;in&#x20;efficiency.&#x20;The&#x20;surface&#x20;properties&#x20;of&#x20;solution-processed&#x20;CIGSSe&#x20;films&#x20;are&#x20;considered&#x20;to&#x20;be&#x20;particularly&#x20;important&#x20;in&#x20;this&#x20;respect,&#x20;owing&#x20;to&#x20;the&#x20;fact&#x20;that&#x20;they&#x20;are&#x20;more&#x20;prone&#x20;to&#x20;defects.&#x20;In&#x20;this&#x20;work,&#x20;CIGSSe&#x20;thin&#x20;films&#x20;with&#x20;differing&#x20;S&#x2F;Se&#x20;ratios&#x20;at&#x20;their&#x20;surface&#x20;were&#x20;synthesized&#x20;by&#x20;using&#x20;a&#x20;precursor&#x20;solution&#x20;and&#x20;post-sulfurization&#x20;heat&#x20;treatment.&#x20;These&#x20;CIGSSe&#x20;thin&#x20;films&#x20;were&#x20;investigated&#x20;with&#x20;current-voltage&#x20;and&#x20;Kelvin&#x20;probe&#x20;force&#x20;microscope&#x20;(KPFM)&#x20;analyses.&#x20;Surface&#x20;photovoltage&#x20;(SPV),&#x20;which&#x20;is&#x20;the&#x20;difference&#x20;in&#x20;the&#x20;work&#x20;function&#x20;in&#x20;the&#x20;dark&#x20;and&#x20;under&#x20;illumination,&#x20;was&#x20;measured&#x20;by&#x20;using&#x20;KPFM,&#x20;which&#x20;can&#x20;examine&#x20;the&#x20;screening&#x20;and&#x20;the&#x20;modification&#x20;of&#x20;surface&#x20;charge&#x20;through&#x20;carrier&#x20;trapping.&#x20;As&#x20;the&#x20;concentration&#x20;of&#x20;S&#x20;increases&#x20;on&#x20;the&#x20;CIGSSe&#x20;film&#x20;surface,&#x20;higher&#x20;work&#x20;functions&#x20;and&#x20;more&#x20;positive&#x20;SPV&#x20;values&#x20;were&#x20;observed.&#x20;Based&#x20;on&#x20;these&#x20;measurements,&#x20;we&#x20;inferred&#x20;the&#x20;band-bending&#x20;behavior&#x20;of&#x20;CIGSSe&#x20;absorber&#x20;films&#x20;and&#x20;proposed&#x20;reasons&#x20;for&#x20;the&#x20;improvement&#x20;in&#x20;solar&#x20;cell&#x20;performance.</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="language" qualifier="none">English</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="publisher" qualifier="none">WILEY-V&#x20;C&#x20;H&#x20;VERLAG&#x20;GMBH</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">SOLAR-CELLS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">CHALCOPYRITES</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">DEFECTS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="title" qualifier="none">Investigation&#x20;of&#x20;Surface&#x20;Sulfurization&#x20;in&#x20;CuIn1-xGaxS2-ySey&#x20;Thin&#x20;Films&#x20;by&#x20;Using&#x20;Kelvin&#x20;Probe&#x20;Force&#x20;Microscopy</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="type" qualifier="none">Article</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="doi">10.1002&#x2F;cphc.201701019</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="journalClass">1</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="bibliographicCitation">CHEMPHYSCHEM,&#x20;v.19,&#x20;no.3,&#x20;pp.261&#x20;-&#x20;265</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="title">CHEMPHYSCHEM</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="volume">19</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="number">3</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="startPage">261</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="endPage">265</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="journalRegisteredClass">scie</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="journalRegisteredClass">scopus</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="wosid">000424761200003</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="scopusid">2-s2.0-85040069196</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="relation" qualifier="journalWebOfScienceCategory">Chemistry,&#x20;Physical</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="relation" qualifier="journalWebOfScienceCategory">Physics,&#x20;Atomic,&#x20;Molecular&#x20;&amp;&#x20;Chemical</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="relation" qualifier="journalResearchArea">Chemistry</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="relation" qualifier="journalResearchArea">Physics</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="type" qualifier="docType">Article</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">SOLAR-CELLS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">CHALCOPYRITES</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">DEFECTS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">defects</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">Kelvin&#x20;probe&#x20;force&#x20;microscopy</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">surface&#x20;photovoltage</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">sulfurization</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">thin&#x20;films</dcvalue>
</dublin_core>
