De Sotto, Ryan B. Medriano, Carl D. Cho, Yunchul Kim, Hyuk Chung, In-Young Seok, Kwang-Seol Song, Kyung Guen Hong, Seok Won Park, Youngja Kim, Sungpyo 2024-01-20T00:32:14Z 2024-01-20T00:32:14Z 2021-09-03 2017-10 0304-3894 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/122258 Antibiotics in the aquatic environment are dispersed through anthropogenic activities at low concentrations. Despite their sub lethal concentration, these biologically active compounds may still have adverse effects to non-target species. This study examined the response of adult zebrafish to 0.1 mg/L concentration of clarithromycin, florfenicol, sulfamethazine, and their mixture using environmental metabolomics. Embryo and larvae of the fish were also used to assess fish embryo acute toxicity and behavior tests respectively. The fish embryo toxicity test did not show any inhibition of growth and development of the embryos after 96 h of exposure to the antibiotics. Changes in swimming activity were seen in 5-dpf larvae which is believed to be correlated with the length of exposure to the compounds. Meanwhile, environmental metabolomics revealed diverse metabolites and pathways that were affected after 72 h of exposure of the adult fish to sub-lethal concentration of the compounds. We found that even at low concentration of the antibiotics, behavioral and metabolic effects were still observed despite the lack of visible morphological changes. Further studies involving other aquatic organisms and bioactive compounds are encouraged to strengthen the findings presented in this novel research. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. English ELSEVIER Sub-lethal pharmaceutical hazard tracking in adult zebrafish using untargeted LC-MS environmental metabolomics Article 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.009 1 JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, v.339, pp.63 - 72 JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 339 63 72 N scie scopus 000407188200007 2-s2.0-85020741932 Engineering, Environmental Environmental Sciences Engineering Environmental Sciences & Ecology Article DANIO-RERIO WASTE-WATER AGRICULTURAL ANTIBIOTICS TOXICITY MODEL FISH CLARITHROMYCIN FLORFENICOL INHIBITION METABOLISM Antibiotics Pharmaceutical hazards Zebrafish Fish embryo test Environmental metabolomics