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<dublin_core schema="dc">
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Lee,&#x20;Jae-Seon</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Kim,&#x20;Young-Kwan</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Hwang,&#x20;Jun&#x20;Yeon</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Joh,&#x20;Han-Ik</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Park,&#x20;Chong&#x20;Rae</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Lee,&#x20;Sungho</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2024-01-20T00:34:07Z</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="available">2024-01-20T00:34:07Z</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="created">2021-09-04</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="issued">2017-09</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="issn">0008-6223</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="uri">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;pubs.kist.re.kr&#x2F;handle&#x2F;201004&#x2F;122356</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="abstract">We&#x20;report&#x20;a&#x20;tremendous&#x20;structural&#x20;evolution&#x20;of&#x20;carbon&#x20;nanosheets&#x20;(CNSs)&#x20;through&#x20;the&#x20;graphenization&#x20;of&#x20;isotropic&#x20;pitches&#x20;prepared&#x20;by&#x20;reforming&#x20;commercially&#x20;available&#x20;naphtha&#x20;cracking&#x20;bottom&#x20;oil.&#x20;CNSs&#x20;with&#x20;thicknesses&#x20;of&#x20;2-13&#x20;nm&#x20;were&#x20;prepared&#x20;by&#x20;spincoating&#x20;on&#x20;quartz&#x20;substrates&#x20;directly&#x20;without&#x20;a&#x20;catalytic&#x20;material,&#x20;followed&#x20;by&#x20;two&#x20;successive&#x20;thermal&#x20;treatments&#x20;consisting&#x20;of&#x20;stabilization&#x20;at&#x20;270&#x20;degrees&#x20;C&#x20;in&#x20;air&#x20;and&#x20;carbonization&#x20;at&#x20;up&#x20;to&#x20;1200&#x20;degrees&#x20;C&#x20;in&#x20;H2&#x2F;Ar.&#x20;The&#x20;development&#x20;of&#x20;wellordered&#x20;graphene&#x20;layers&#x20;around&#x20;pebblelike&#x20;structures&#x20;with&#x20;increasing&#x20;carbonization&#x20;temperature&#x20;was&#x20;observed&#x20;in&#x20;only&#x20;the&#x20;13nm&#x20;thick&#x20;CNSs&#x20;by&#x20;transmission&#x20;electron&#x20;microscopy,&#x20;whereas&#x20;thin&#x20;CNSs&#x20;did&#x20;not&#x20;reveal&#x20;welldeveloped&#x20;fringe&#x20;growth.&#x20;In&#x20;addition,&#x20;Raman,&#x20;UVevis,&#x20;and&#x20;Xray&#x20;photoelectron&#x20;spectroscopies&#x20;along&#x20;with&#x20;mass&#x20;spectrometry&#x20;unanimously&#x20;showed&#x20;clear&#x20;evidence&#x20;indicating&#x20;that&#x20;unusually&#x20;welldeveloped&#x20;crystalline&#x20;structure&#x20;was&#x20;formed&#x20;in&#x20;the&#x20;thick&#x20;CNSs.&#x20;It&#x20;should&#x20;be&#x20;noted&#x20;that&#x20;isotropic&#x20;pitches,&#x20;which&#x20;are&#x20;intrinsically&#x20;nongraphitizable&#x20;carbon&#x20;sources,&#x20;evolved&#x20;into&#x20;highly&#x20;ordered&#x20;structures&#x20;at&#x20;a&#x20;relatively&#x20;low&#x20;carbonization&#x20;temperature&#x20;(1200&#x20;degrees&#x20;C).&#x20;We&#x20;believe&#x20;that&#x20;the&#x20;graphenization&#x20;of&#x20;spincoated&#x20;films&#x20;of&#x20;pitch&#x20;molecules&#x20;resulted&#x20;from&#x20;the&#x20;condensation&#x20;of&#x20;small&#x20;pitch&#x20;molecules&#x20;and&#x20;their&#x20;selfassembled&#x20;structure&#x20;during&#x20;carbonization&#x20;under&#x20;the&#x20;anisotropic&#x20;pressure&#x20;induced&#x20;by&#x20;significant&#x20;shrinkage&#x20;in&#x20;the&#x20;vertical&#x20;axis.&#x20;(C)&#x20;2017&#x20;Elsevier&#x20;Ltd.&#x20;All&#x20;rights&#x20;reserved.</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="language" qualifier="none">English</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="publisher" qualifier="none">PERGAMON-ELSEVIER&#x20;SCIENCE&#x20;LTD</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">DESORPTION&#x2F;IONIZATION&#x20;MASS-SPECTROMETRY</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">MESOPHASE-PITCH</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">OXIDATIVE&#x20;STABILIZATION</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">PETROLEUM&#x20;PITCH</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">HARD&#x20;CARBONS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">FIBERS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">GRAPHITIZATION</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">SURFACE</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="title" qualifier="none">Carbon&#x20;nanosheets&#x20;by&#x20;the&#x20;graphenization&#x20;of&#x20;ungraphitizable&#x20;isotropic&#x20;pitch&#x20;molecules</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="type" qualifier="none">Article</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="doi">10.1016&#x2F;j.carbon.2017.06.010</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="journalClass">1</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="bibliographicCitation">CARBON,&#x20;v.121,&#x20;pp.479&#x20;-&#x20;489</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="title">CARBON</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="volume">121</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="startPage">479</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="endPage">489</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="journalRegisteredClass">scie</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="journalRegisteredClass">scopus</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="wosid">000405294400053</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="scopusid">2-s2.0-85020473629</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="relation" qualifier="journalWebOfScienceCategory">Chemistry,&#x20;Physical</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="relation" qualifier="journalWebOfScienceCategory">Materials&#x20;Science,&#x20;Multidisciplinary</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="relation" qualifier="journalResearchArea">Chemistry</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="relation" qualifier="journalResearchArea">Materials&#x20;Science</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="type" qualifier="docType">Article</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">DESORPTION&#x2F;IONIZATION&#x20;MASS-SPECTROMETRY</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">MESOPHASE-PITCH</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">OXIDATIVE&#x20;STABILIZATION</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">PETROLEUM&#x20;PITCH</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">HARD&#x20;CARBONS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">FIBERS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">GRAPHITIZATION</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">SURFACE</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">isotropic&#x20;pitch</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">carbon&#x20;nanosheet</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordAuthor">graphenization</dcvalue>
</dublin_core>
