Kristianto, Ivan Limarta, Susan Olivia Lee, Hyunjoo Ha, Jeong-Myeong Suh, Dong Jin Jae, Jungho 2024-01-20T01:31:00Z 2024-01-20T01:31:00Z 2021-09-05 2017-06 0960-8524 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/122677 Lignin isolated by two-step concentrated acid hydrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) was effectively depolymerized into a high-quality bio-oil using formic acid (FA) as an in-situ hydrogen source and Ru/C as a catalyst in supercritical ethanol. A bio-oil yield of 66.3 wt% with an average molecular weight of 822 g/mol and an aromatic monomer content of 6.1 wt% was achieved at 350 degrees C and a FA-to-lignin mass ratio of 3 after a reaction time of 60 min. The combination of Ru/C and FA also resulted in a significant reduction in the oxygen content of the bio-oil by similar to 60% and a corresponding increase in the higher heating value (HHV) to 32.7 MJ/kg due to the enhanced hydrodeoxygenation activity. An examination of the FA decomposition characteristics revealed that Ru/C provides a greater increase in the rate of hydrogen production from FA, explaining the efficient depolymerization of lignin in a combined system. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. English ELSEVIER SCI LTD KRAFT LIGNIN TRANSFER HYDROGENATION FORMIC-ACID CHEMICALS FUELS HYDRODEOXYGENATION VALORIZATION PYROLYSIS MECHANISM BIOMASS Effective depolymerization of concentrated acid hydrolysis lignin using a carbon-supported ruthenium catalyst in ethanol/formic acid media Article 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.070 1 BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, v.234, pp.424 - 431 BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 234 424 431 scie scopus 000402477000050 2-s2.0-85016009040 Agricultural Engineering Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology Energy & Fuels Agriculture Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology Energy & Fuels Article KRAFT LIGNIN TRANSFER HYDROGENATION FORMIC-ACID CHEMICALS FUELS HYDRODEOXYGENATION VALORIZATION PYROLYSIS MECHANISM BIOMASS Concentrated acid hydrolysis lignin Depolymerization Formic acid Supercritical ethanol Ru/C catalysts