Jeon, Soo-kyung Kim, Eun-ju Lee, Jaesang Lee, Seunghak 2024-01-20T03:01:41Z 2024-01-20T03:01:41Z 2021-09-05 2016-11-05 0304-3894 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/123450 The potential risks of nanoparticles (NPs) in sunscreens being released into swimming water were evaluated by a series of laboratory experiments simulating the fate and transport of NPs in outdoor swimming pools. NPs released from sunscreen-applied skin were estimated using pig skins covered with five different commercial sunscreens containing TiO2, ZnO, or both at various concentrations. Assuming that the swimming water treatment processes consisted of filtration, UV irradiation, heating, and chlorination, possible removal of the released NPs by each process was estimated. Generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the NPs under sunlight and after UV photochemical treatment were measured, and the H2O2 concentration possibly present in the swimming pool was calculated based on some specific scenarios of operating an outdoor swimming pool. It was found that a significant amount of the NPs in sunscreens could be released into the swimming water, and accumulate during circulation through the treatment system. However, the concentration of H2O2 possibly present in the swimming pool should be below the level at which an adverse effect to bathers is concerned. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. English ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE PRODUCTION SKIN TOXICITY WATER CELLS Potential risks of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles released from sunscreens into outdoor swimming pools Article 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.099 1 JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, v.317, pp.312 - 318 JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 317 312 318 scie scopus 000381533400034 2-s2.0-84974683308 Engineering, Environmental Environmental Sciences Engineering Environmental Sciences & Ecology Article TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE PRODUCTION SKIN TOXICITY WATER CELLS Sunscreen Titanium dioxide Zinc oxide Swimming pool Risk assessment