Shin, Myoung-Sook Lee, Ho Hong, Hee-Do Shin, Kwang-Soon 2024-01-20T03:30:44Z 2024-01-20T03:30:44Z 2021-09-04 2016-10 1756-4646 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/123639 In this study, three polysaccharide fractions (PLE-I-III) were purified from crude polysaccharides from leaves of Diospyros kaki Thumb. (Persimmon) that were hydrolysed with pectinase, and their monosaccharide composition was analysed. Among the three fractions, PLE-I was found to markedly stimulate the immune activity (IL-6/IL-12 and TNF-alpha production) of peritoneal macrophages cells. Signal transduction studies showed that PLE-I phosphorylated MAPK and NF-kappa B in RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of PLE-I on IL-6 production was found to be completely suppressed by specific inhibitors of JNK (SP) and ERK (U0126), but not a p38 inhibitor. Moreover, PLE-I-induced phosphorylation of the transcription factor c-Jun was inhibited by SP and U0126 treatment, whereas iNOS expression was blocked by inhibitors of JNK, p38, and NF-kappa B. Collectively, these results suggest that PLE-I-induced macrophage activation is regulated via JNK/ERK and not p38, whereas iNOS expression is primarily regulated via MAPK and NF-kappa B. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. English ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV KOREAN CITRUS HALLABONG PRIMARY-CELL WALLS RHAMNOGALACTURONAN-II LEAF EXTRACT IMMUNE-SYSTEM MACROPHAGE ACID MICE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE DERMATITIS Characterization of immunostimulatory pectic polysaccharide isolated from leaves of Diospyros kaki Thumb. (Persimmon) Article 10.1016/j.jff.2016.07.025 1 JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS, v.26, pp.319 - 329 JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS 26 319 329 scie scopus 000386193400029 2-s2.0-84982211848 Food Science & Technology Nutrition & Dietetics Food Science & Technology Nutrition & Dietetics Article KOREAN CITRUS HALLABONG PRIMARY-CELL WALLS RHAMNOGALACTURONAN-II LEAF EXTRACT IMMUNE-SYSTEM MACROPHAGE ACID MICE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE DERMATITIS Diospyros kaki Thumb. leaves Polysaccharide Macrophage activation MAPK NF-kappa B