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<dublin_core schema="dc">
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Kim,&#x20;Bumjoo</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Kwak,&#x20;Rhokyun</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Kwon,&#x20;Hyukjin&#x20;J.</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Van&#x20;Sang&#x20;Pham</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Kim,&#x20;Minseok</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Al-Anzi,&#x20;Bader</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Lim,&#x20;Geunbae</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="contributor" qualifier="author">Han,&#x20;Jongyoon</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2024-01-20T03:33:20Z</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="available">2024-01-20T03:33:20Z</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="created">2021-09-04</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="date" qualifier="issued">2016-08-22</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="issn">2045-2322</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="uri">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;pubs.kist.re.kr&#x2F;handle&#x2F;201004&#x2F;123778</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="abstract">There&#x20;is&#x20;an&#x20;increasing&#x20;need&#x20;for&#x20;the&#x20;desalination&#x20;of&#x20;high&#x20;concentration&#x20;brine&#x20;(&gt;TDS&#x20;35,000&#x20;ppm)&#x20;efficiently&#x20;and&#x20;economically,&#x20;either&#x20;for&#x20;the&#x20;treatment&#x20;of&#x20;produced&#x20;water&#x20;from&#x20;shale&#x20;gas&#x2F;oil&#x20;development,&#x20;or&#x20;minimizing&#x20;the&#x20;environmental&#x20;impact&#x20;of&#x20;brine&#x20;from&#x20;existing&#x20;desalination&#x20;plants.&#x20;Yet,&#x20;reverse&#x20;osmosis&#x20;(RO),&#x20;which&#x20;is&#x20;the&#x20;most&#x20;widely&#x20;used&#x20;for&#x20;desalination&#x20;currently,&#x20;is&#x20;not&#x20;practical&#x20;for&#x20;brine&#x20;desalination.&#x20;This&#x20;paper&#x20;demonstrates&#x20;technical&#x20;and&#x20;economic&#x20;feasibility&#x20;of&#x20;ICP&#x20;(Ion&#x20;Concentration&#x20;Polarization)&#x20;electrical&#x20;desalination&#x20;for&#x20;the&#x20;high&#x20;saline&#x20;water&#x20;treatment,&#x20;by&#x20;adopting&#x20;multi-stage&#x20;operation&#x20;with&#x20;better&#x20;energy&#x20;efficiency.&#x20;Optimized&#x20;multi-staging&#x20;configurations,&#x20;dependent&#x20;on&#x20;the&#x20;brine&#x20;salinity&#x20;values,&#x20;can&#x20;be&#x20;designed&#x20;based&#x20;on&#x20;experimental&#x20;and&#x20;numerical&#x20;analysis.&#x20;Such&#x20;an&#x20;optimization&#x20;aims&#x20;at&#x20;achieving&#x20;not&#x20;just&#x20;the&#x20;energy&#x20;efficiency&#x20;but&#x20;also&#x20;(membrane)&#x20;area&#x20;efficiency,&#x20;lowering&#x20;the&#x20;true&#x20;cost&#x20;of&#x20;brine&#x20;treatment.&#x20;ICP&#x20;electrical&#x20;desalination&#x20;is&#x20;shown&#x20;here&#x20;to&#x20;treat&#x20;brine&#x20;salinity&#x20;up&#x20;to&#x20;100,000&#x20;ppm&#x20;of&#x20;Total&#x20;Dissolved&#x20;Solids&#x20;(TDS)&#x20;with&#x20;flexible&#x20;salt&#x20;rejection&#x20;rate&#x20;up&#x20;to&#x20;70%&#x20;which&#x20;is&#x20;promising&#x20;in&#x20;a&#x20;various&#x20;application&#x20;treating&#x20;brine&#x20;waste.&#x20;We&#x20;also&#x20;demonstrate&#x20;that&#x20;ICP&#x20;desalination&#x20;has&#x20;advantage&#x20;of&#x20;removing&#x20;both&#x20;salts&#x20;and&#x20;diverse&#x20;suspended&#x20;solids&#x20;simultaneously,&#x20;and&#x20;less&#x20;susceptibility&#x20;to&#x20;membrane&#x20;fouling&#x2F;scaling,&#x20;which&#x20;is&#x20;a&#x20;significant&#x20;challenge&#x20;in&#x20;the&#x20;membrane&#x20;processes.</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="language" qualifier="none">English</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="publisher" qualifier="none">NATURE&#x20;PUBLISHING&#x20;GROUP</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">ANION-EXCHANGE&#x20;MEMBRANE</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">ELECTRODIALYSIS&#x20;REVERSAL</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">DIVALENT&#x20;IONS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">SHOCK&#x20;ELECTRODIALYSIS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">SEAWATER&#x20;DESALINATION</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">WATER</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">MONOVALENT</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">SEPARATION</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">REMOVAL</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="none">PLANT</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="title" qualifier="none">Purification&#x20;of&#x20;High&#x20;Salinity&#x20;Brine&#x20;by&#x20;Multi-Stage&#x20;Ion&#x20;Concentration&#x20;Polarization&#x20;Desalination</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="type" qualifier="none">Article</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="doi">10.1038&#x2F;srep31850</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="journalClass">1</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="bibliographicCitation">SCIENTIFIC&#x20;REPORTS,&#x20;v.6</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="title">SCIENTIFIC&#x20;REPORTS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="citation" qualifier="volume">6</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="journalRegisteredClass">scie</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="description" qualifier="journalRegisteredClass">scopus</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="wosid">000381705400001</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="identifier" qualifier="scopusid">2-s2.0-84983354649</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="relation" qualifier="journalWebOfScienceCategory">Multidisciplinary&#x20;Sciences</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="relation" qualifier="journalResearchArea">Science&#x20;&amp;&#x20;Technology&#x20;-&#x20;Other&#x20;Topics</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="type" qualifier="docType">Article</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">ANION-EXCHANGE&#x20;MEMBRANE</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">ELECTRODIALYSIS&#x20;REVERSAL</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">DIVALENT&#x20;IONS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">SHOCK&#x20;ELECTRODIALYSIS</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">SEAWATER&#x20;DESALINATION</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">WATER</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">MONOVALENT</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">SEPARATION</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">REMOVAL</dcvalue>
<dcvalue element="subject" qualifier="keywordPlus">PLANT</dcvalue>
</dublin_core>
