Lee, H. Oh, W.C. Seong, J. Kim, J. 2024-01-20T04:02:38Z 2024-01-20T04:02:38Z 2022-01-10 2016-06 1663-3563 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/123986 The complex information-processing capabilities of the central nervous system emerge from intricate patterns of synaptic input-output relationships among various neuronal circuit components. Understanding these capabilities thus requires a precise description of the individual synapses that comprise neural networks. Recent advances in fluorescent protein engineering, along with developments in light-favoring tissue clearing and optical imaging techniques, have rendered light microscopy (LM) a potent candidate for large-scale analyses of synapses, their properties, and their connectivity. Optically imaging newly engineered fluorescent proteins (FPs) tagged to synaptic proteins or microstructures enables the efficient, fine-resolution illumination of synaptic anatomy and function in large neural circuits. Here we review the latest progress in fluorescent protein-based molecular tools for imaging individual synapses and synaptic connectivity. We also identify associated technologies in gene delivery, tissue processing, and computational image analysis that will play a crucial role in bridging the gap between synapse- and system-level neuroscience. ？ 2016 Lee, Oh, Seong and Kim. English Frontiers Media S.A. calcium calmodulin dependent protein kinase II fluorescent dye green fluorescent protein neuroligin 1 postsynaptic density protein 95 SNARE protein synaptobrevin 2 synaptophysin analytic method biosensor biotechnological procedures brain mapping chromophore assisted light inactivation connectome fluorescence analysis gene delivery system genetic manipulation human mammalian green fluorescence protein reconstitution across synaptic partner molecular dynamics molecular imaging neuroimaging neurotransmission nonhuman protein analysis protein protein interaction Review synapse synaptic potential time specific tagging for the age measurement of protein Advanced fluorescence protein-based synapse-detectors Article 10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00016 1 Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience, v.8, no.JUN Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience 8 JUN scopus 2-s2.0-84994031511 Review postsynaptic density protein 95 SNARE protein synaptobrevin 2 synaptophysin analytic method biosensor biotechnological procedures brain mapping chromophore assisted light inactivation connectome fluorescence analysis gene delivery system genetic manipulation human mammalian green fluorescence protein reconstitution across synaptic partner molecular dynamics molecular imaging neuroimaging neurotransmission nonhuman protein analysis protein protein interaction Review synapse synaptic potential time specific tagging for the age measurement of protein calcium calmodulin dependent protein kinase II fluorescent dye green fluorescent protein neuroligin 1 Fluorescent protein sensors Gene delivery Light microscopy Mapping and localization Synapses Synaptic connectivity