Park, Jun Yeon Choi, Pilju Lee, Dahae Kim, Taejung Jung, Eun Bee Hwang, Buyng-Su Kang, Ki Sung Ham, Jungyeob 2024-01-20T05:00:38Z 2024-01-20T05:00:38Z 2021-09-03 2016-03 1741-427X https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/124362 Ginsenosides are the active components of Panax ginseng. Many research studies indicate that these deglycosylated, less-polar ginsenosides have better bioactivity than the major ginsenosides. In the present study, we sought to verify the enhanced anticancer effect of P. ginseng extract after undergoing the Maillard reaction as well as elucidate the underlying mechanism of action. The effects of 9 amino acids were tested; among them, the content of 20(S)-Rg3 in the ginseng extract increased to more than 30, 20, and 20% when processed with valine, arginine, and alanine, respectively, compared with that after normal heat processing. The ginseng extract that was heat-processed with arginine exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect on A2780 ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, the generation of 20(S)-Rg3 was suggested to be involved in this effect. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of 20(S)-Rg3 on A2780 cell proliferation was significantly stronger than that of 20(R)-Rg3. Protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and PARP in the A2780 ovarian cancer cells markedly increased, whereas the expression of BID decreased after 20(S)-Rg3 treatment. Therefore, we confirmed that the anticancer effects of the products of ginseng that was heat-processed with arginine are mediated mainly via the generation of the less-polar ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3. English HINDAWI LTD Effect of Amino Acids on the Generation of Ginsenoside Rg3 Epimers by Heat Processing and the Anticancer Activities of Epimers in A2780 Human Ovarian Cancer Cells Article 10.1155/2016/3146402 1 EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE, v.2016 EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016 N scie scopus 000372628800001 2-s2.0-84962050626 Integrative & Complementary Medicine Integrative & Complementary Medicine Article INHIBITION APOPTOSIS DEATH ANTIOXIDANT MIGRATION INCREASE EXTRACT MIXTURE RK1 Ginsenoside Rg3 Heat Processing Human Ovarian Cancer