Lee, Wonhye Lee, Stephanie D. Park, Michael Y. Foley, Lori Purcell-Estabrook, Erin Kim, Hyungmin Fischer, Krisztina Maeng, Lee-So Yoo, Seung-Schik 2024-01-20T05:02:30Z 2024-01-20T05:02:30Z 2021-09-05 2016-02 0301-5629 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/124456 Non-invasive brain stimulation using focused ultrasound has largely been carried out in small animals. In the present study, we applied stimulatory focused ultrasound transcranially to the primary sensorimotor (SM1) and visual (V1) brain areas in sheep (Dorset, all female, n = 8), under the guidance of magnetic resonance imaging, and examined the electrophysiologic responses. By use of a 250-kHz focused ultrasound transducer, the area was sonicated in pulsed mode (tone-burst duration of 1 ms, duty cycle of 50%) for 300 ms. The acoustic intensity at the focal target was varied up to a spatial peak pulse-average intensity (Isppa) of 14.3 W/cm(2). Sonication of SM1 elicited electromyographic responses from the contralateral hind leg, whereas stimulation of V1 generated electroencephalographic potentials. These responses were detected only above a certain acoustic intensity, and the threshold intensity, as well as the degree of responses, varied among sheep. Post-sonication animal behavior was normal, but minor microhemorrhages were observed from the V1 areas exposed to highly repetitive sonication (every second for >= 500 times for electroencephalographic measurements, Isppa = 6.6-10.5 W/cm(2), mechanical index = 0.9-1.2). Our results suggest the potential translational utility of focused ultrasound as a new brain stimulation modality, yet also call for caution in the use of an excessive number of sonications. (C) 2016 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. English ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC Image-Guided Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Regional Brain Stimulation in Sheep Article 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.10.001 1 Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, v.42, no.2, pp.459 - 470 Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 42 2 459 470 N scie scopus 000367735800014 2-s2.0-84955285761 Acoustics Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging Acoustics Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging Article TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION LOW-INTENSITY MOTOR CORTEX MICROSTIMULATION REGISTRATION SUPPRESSION FEASIBILITY RESPONSES SURGERY Focused ultrasound Brain stimulation Large animal model Sheep Sensorimotor area Visual area