Park, Jun Yeon Choi, Pilju Kim, Ho-kyong Kang, Ki Sung Ham, Jungyeob 2024-01-20T05:04:21Z 2024-01-20T05:04:21Z 2021-09-03 2016-01 1226-8453 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/124557 Background: Ginseng, which is widely used in functional foods and as an herbal medicine, has been reported to reduce the proliferation of prostate cancer cells by mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. Methods: This study was designed to investigate the changes in ginsenoside content in ginseng after treatment with a microwave-irradiation thermal process and to verify the anticancer effects of the extracts. To confirm the anticancer effect of microwave-irradiated processed ginseng (MG), it was tested in three human prostate cancer cell lines (DU145, LNCaP, and PC-3 cells). Involvements of apoptosis and autophagy were assessed using Western blotting. Results: After microwave treatment, the content of ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd in the extracts decreased, whereas the content of ginsenosides 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5 increased. Antiproliferation results for the human cancer cell lines treated with ginseng extracts indicate that PC-3 cells treated with MG showed the highest activity with an half maximal inhibitory concentration of 48 mu g/mL. We also showed that MG suppresses the growth of human prostate cancer cell xenografts in athymic nude mice as an in vivo model. This growth suppression by MG is associated with the inductions of cell death and autophagy. Conclusion: Therefore, heat processing by microwave irradiation is a useful method to enhance the anticancer effect of ginseng by increasing the content of ginsenosides Rg3, Rg5, and Rk1. Copyright (C) 2015, The Korean Society of Ginseng, Published by Elsevier. All rights reserved. English KOREAN SOC GINSENG DNA-DAMAGE AUTOPHAGY ACTIVATION GENERATION INHIBITOR CARCINOMA PRODUCTS EXTRACT MARKER RE Increase in apoptotic effect of Panax ginseng by microwave processing in human prostate cancer cells: in vitro and in vivo studies Article 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.04.007 1 JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH, v.40, no.1, pp.62 - 67 JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH 40 1 62 67 scie scopus kci ART002075155 000367379500008 2-s2.0-84954197565 Plant Sciences Chemistry, Medicinal Integrative & Complementary Medicine Plant Sciences Pharmacology & Pharmacy Integrative & Complementary Medicine Article DNA-DAMAGE AUTOPHAGY ACTIVATION GENERATION INHIBITOR CARCINOMA PRODUCTS EXTRACT MARKER RE anticancer ginsenoside microwave Panax ginseng prostate cancer