Jang, Holim Choi, Yongsoo Ahn, Hong Ryul Jung, Sang Hoon Lee, Chang Yong 2024-01-20T06:02:11Z 2024-01-20T06:02:11Z 2021-09-05 2015-10 1613-4125 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/124928 Scope: Although ingestion of coffee and its constituent chlorogenic acid (CGA) protects the retina from oxidative stress, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of coffee metabolites are not well understood. The aim of this study was to determine which coffee metabolites reach the retina and protect against retinal degeneration. Methods and results: UPLC-MS/MS was used to detect CGA and coffee metabolites in the rat eye. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and double staining with Hoechst and propidium iodide showed that CGA, caffeic acid (CA), and dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA) protect retinal ganglion cells from hypoxia-induced damage. Western blots showed that treatment with coffee metabolites up-regulated anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-X-L and down-regulated pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bad, PARP, and cleaved caspase 3. Adult ICR mice were subjected to optic nerve crush-induced retinal ganglion cell death with intravitreal pre-treatment with coffee metabolites 1 day before and 1 h after the procedure. Retrograde Fluorogold (TM) labeling showed severe retinal ganglion cell loss after optic nerve crushing, and coffee metabolites significantly reduced damage to retinal ganglion cells. Conclusion: CGA and coffee metabolites, especially, CA, and DHCA, reach the eye, where they can significantly reduce apoptosis induced by hypoxia and optic nerve crush stress, and thus prevent retinal degeneration. English WILEY Effects of phenolic acid metabolites formed after chlorogenic acid consumption on retinal degeneration in vivo Article 10.1002/mnfr.201400897 1 MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH, v.59, no.10, pp.1918 - 1929 MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH 59 10 1918 1929 N scie scopus 000362550700004 2-s2.0-84942822566 Food Science & Technology Food Science & Technology Article GANGLION-CELL SURVIVAL NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE OXIDATIVE STRESS GREEN TEA COFFEE ANTIOXIDANT APOPTOSIS GLAUCOMA DEATH MECHANISMS Coffee metabolites Chlorogenic acid Hypoxia Neuroprotection Retinal degeneration