Choi, Jaebin Aklimi, Eyal Shi, Chen Tsai, David Krishnaswamy, Harish Shepard, Kenneth L. 2024-01-20T06:32:24Z 2024-01-20T06:32:24Z 2021-09-05 2015-08 1549-8328 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/125181 This paper explores the extent to which a solid-state transmitter can be miniaturized, while still using RF for wireless information transfer and working with power densities and operating voltages comparable to what could be harvested from a living system. A 3.1 nJ/bit pulsed millimeter-wave transmitter, 300 mu m by 300 mu m by 250 mu m in size, designed in 32-nm SOI CMOS, operates on an electric potential of 130 mV and 3.1 nW of dc power. Far-field data transmission at 33 GHz is achieved by supply-switching an LC-oscillator with a duty cycle of 10(-6). The time interval between pulses carries information on the amount of power harvested by the radio, supporting a data rate of similar to 1 bps. The inductor of the oscillator also acts as an electrically small (lambda/30) on-chip antenna, which, combined with millimeter-wave operation, enables the extremely small form factor. English IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC CMOS ENERGY Matching the Power, Voltage, and Size of Biological Systems: A nW-Scale, 0.023-mm(3) Pulsed 33-GHz Radio Transmitter Operating From a 5 kT/q-Supply Voltage Article 10.1109/TCSI.2015.2426958 1 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS, v.62, no.8, pp.1950 - 1958 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS 62 8 1950 1958 scie scopus 000358616100007 2-s2.0-85027957150 Engineering, Electrical & Electronic Engineering Article CMOS ENERGY Antennas low power design monolithic integrated circuits radio frequency oscillators