Kim, Eun Ok Cha, Kwang Hyun Lee, Eun Ha Kim, Sang Min Choi, Sang Won Pan, Cheol-Ho Um, Byung-Hun 2024-01-20T08:33:46Z 2024-01-20T08:33:46Z 2021-09-02 2014-10-15 0021-8561 https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/126232 This study aims to investigate the bioavailability of ginsenosides during simulated digestion of white (WG) and red (RG) ginseng powders. Stability, bioaccessibility, and permeability of ginsenosides present in WG and RG were studied in a Caco-2 cell culture model coupled with oral, gastric, and small intestinal simulated digestion. Most ginsenosides in WG and RG were stable (>90%) during the simulated digestion. Bioaccessibilities of total ginsenosides during in vitro digestion of WG and RG were similar at approximately 85%. However, the bioaccessibility of protopanaxatriol type ginsenosides in the early food phase was greater than that of the protopanaxadiol type. The less polar RG ginsenosides were released later following the jejunum phase. Ginsenosides had low permeability (<1 x 10 (6) cm/s) through Caco-2 cell monolayers. These findings suggest that the WG and RG ginsenoside compositions affect bioaccessibility during digestion and that ginsenosides are poorly absorbed in humans. English AMER CHEMICAL SOC IN-VITRO DIGESTION PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY APPARENT DRUG PERMEABILITY PANAX-NOTOGINSENG MASS-SPECTROMETRY CAROTENOID BIOAVAILABILITY CACO-2 CELLS ABSORPTION HUMANS BIOACCESSIBILITY Bioavailability of Ginsenosides from White and Red Ginsengs in the Simulated Digestion Model Article 10.1021/jf500477n 1 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, v.62, no.41, pp.10055 - 10063 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 62 41 10055 10063 scie scopus 000343276500013 2-s2.0-84908042659 Agriculture, Multidisciplinary Chemistry, Applied Food Science & Technology Agriculture Chemistry Food Science & Technology Article IN-VITRO DIGESTION PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY APPARENT DRUG PERMEABILITY PANAX-NOTOGINSENG MASS-SPECTROMETRY CAROTENOID BIOAVAILABILITY CACO-2 CELLS ABSORPTION HUMANS BIOACCESSIBILITY white and red ginsengs bioavailability digestive stability ginsenosides simulated digestion